贵州土家族民居建筑艺术与文化

Art and Culture Embodied in Dwellings of Tujia People in Guizhou

贵州省土家族地区人民群众的居住环境,经历了地下、树上、地上(洞穴居、半洞穴居、独立房屋)这样一个漫长的过程。在经历了这个几千年乃至上万年的发展过程中,土家族人民通过不断探索和实践,充分发挥了自己的聪明才智,逐步发展和形成了自己民族特色的吊脚楼、筒子屋等民居建筑,产生了修房造屋的一套完整的民居文化并衍生出了上梁、抛梁、钉大门等独具特色的民族风情。

In their long history of evolution, dwelings of Tujia People in Guizhou have successive forms： subsurface shelters, buildings on trees and house on the ground（caves, half-caves, houses）.In this process of thousands or ten-thousand of years, by continuous exploration and practice, Tujia People use their inteligence and wisdom to develop their ethnic dwellings of many forms including stilted buildings and pipe-shaped houses. Tujia People creat art and culture and customs in different stages of house making and have various customs about passing and setting roof beam, and fixing door.