失落文化,两种歌吟——哈代与路遥乡土小说思想基调之比较

Comparative Study of Hardy and Lu Yao's Local Color Novels

哈代和路遥是中西乡土文学的代表作家,他们同处乡土文化被工业文明侵蚀的社会变迁时期,各自创造了属于自己的艺术世界——威塞克斯和陕北黄土地。然而,由于中西方文化传统的差异,两位作家在思想基调上表现出各自的特性。哈代小说深受古希腊悲剧宿命论的影响,他笔下的农民面对变化无所适从,听凭命运的摆布和捉弄,通常陷入毁灭的结局。路遥小说中的农民则对儒家思想做出了现代性的诠释,他们在改革浪潮的冲击下,勇于摸索拼搏,不畏坎坷多舛的命运,始终力求掌控自己的人生。哈代和路遥为生存逆境中的农民描绘出一幅社会全景图,尽管基调不同,但均关切大时代里小人物的命运浮沉,思索探寻了他们的生存状态和价值秩序,映射出当代人在社会转型时期的迷茫和困境。

Hardy and Lu Yao,the most remarkable local novelists in Britain and in China,are both concerned about the bleak fate of rural peasants in turbulent times. Yet,they differ in tones. Hardy,under the influence of Greek fatalism,composes in his novels an elegy for the country life intruded by industrialization. The characters in Hardy＇s novel act passively and helplessly in the face of social riots. While Lu Yao,imbued with Confucian doctrines,takes the social change with enthusiasm. Hence,the characters in his novels,instead of resigning themselves to the fate,strive to adjust themselves to the social change and to fit in the new age.