短肽编码基因的研究进展

Emerging landscape of short open reading frame-encoded peptides

人类和其他生物的基因组中存在小开放阅读框(small open reading frame,s ORF),但过去对于这些s ORFs是否具有编码能力还无从得知.随着蛋白质组学和高通量翻译起始位点分析方法的发展,现已鉴定了上百种s ORFs,其中一部分被证实具有翻译能力,可产生长度在100个氨基酸残基的短肽(short peptides,SEPs).近年来的研究表明短肽在发育、分化等生物学过程中具有重要功能.本文系统阐述SEPs的翻译过程、鉴定方法和功能.

Short open reading irames（sORFs） are a common feature of genomes of human and other species,but their coding potential remains unknown.Innovations in proteomics and highthroughput analyses of translation start sites have resulted in the identification of hundreds of putative coding sORFs,and some of them have been verified to be able to translated into short peptides（〈100 amino acids）.Moreover,recent findings reveal their diverse functions in various biological processes including development and differentiation.This review discusses the translation,identification and biological function of short peptides.