瑞士大坝应急管理特点及其对中国的启示

Characteristics of emergency management on dam in Switzerland and its inspiration for China

中国水库大坝应急管理存在应急管理责任体系不清晰,应急预案操作性差,预警设施不完备等突出问题,严重影响大坝应急管理。从应急体制、硬件设施、应急机制、应急预案等方面对比中国和瑞士两国大坝应急管理做法,找到了可供中国借鉴的瑞士经验,认为应当明确政府和水库管理单位在大坝应急管理中的职责划分,简化预案表达方式,加强预案审查审批,完善预警设施,加强宣传演练。

The emergency management on dam of reservoir in China has some outstanding problems, such as un- clear responsibility system of emergency management, poor operability of emergency plans, deficiency in pre-warn- ing facilities etc. , which affect the emergency management of dam seriously. The ways of emergency management on dam in China and Switzerland were compared from the aspects of emergency system, hardware facility, emergen- cy mechanism, emergency plan etc. , and the experience of Switzerland for China to draw lessons were found out. It showed that the division of responsibilities on emergency management of dam should be cleared for government and reservoir management unit, the expression means of emergency plan should be simplified, the examination and approval of emergency plan should be enhanced, the pre-warning facilities should be completed, and the publicity and drill should be strengthened.