福建省2004-2013年法定传染病流行特征分析

Epidemiological features analysis of notifiable infectious diseases in Fujian Province,2004-2013

目的 分析福建省法定传染病流行特征,为风险评估和防控对策提供科学依据.方法 对福建省卫生机构2004-2013年通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病报告信息管理系统报告的法定传染病进行描述性分析.结果 福建省2004-2013年法定传染病发病率、死亡率和病死率分别为499.15/10万、0.71/10万和0.14％;甲乙类发病例数是丙类的1.91倍,后者发病率呈快速上升态势（Z =509.77,P＜0.001）.肠道传染病发病率为164.92/10万,呈快速上升态势（Z =453.17,P＜0.001）.乙肝、手足口病和肺结核发病率居前.各年龄组间死亡率差异均有统计学意义（F =40.08,P＜0.001）,男女发病率比为1.87：1.甲乙类传染病主要分布在农民、家务及待业者和工人,构成比占58.31％;丙类传染病主要分布在散居儿童、幼托儿童和学生,构成比占87.35％.平潭发病率居前（827.35/10万）,厦门发病率呈下降趋势;在各区县中,仓山、晋安和福安居前.肠道传染病17～27周呈发病高峰,自然疫源及虫媒传染病23 ～34周发病明显升高.结论 相关部门应根据高发或具有上升趋势的传染病流行特征采取有效的预防控制措施.

Objective To provide scientific basis for risk assessment and formulating control and prevention measures, through analyzing the epidemiological features of notifiable infectious diseases in Fujian province. Methods The notifiable infectious diseases that reported by health institutions in Fujian province through the national disease surveillance system, 2004 -2013, were analyzed descriptively. Results Incidence, mortality, and fatality of notifiable infectious diseases were 499. 15/100 000, 0. 71/100 000 and 0. 14%, in Fujian Province, 2004 - 2013. Class A and B cases was 1.91 times of Class C, but the latter incidence showed a rapid upward trend （Z = 509.77, P 〈0.001 ）. Incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was 164. 92/100 000 and rised rapidly （Z = 453.17, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Hepatitis B, foot and mouth disease, tuberculosis incidence ranked the top three. Mortality difference among the age groups was statistically significant （ F = 40. 08, P 〈0. 001 ）. In addition, male and female incidence ratio was 1.87 ： 1. Class A and B infectious diseases mainly distributed in farmers, houseworkers, unemployed people, and workers. The proportion was 58.31%. However, class C mainly distributed in scattered children, kindergarten children and students. Pingtan incidence was the highest among the cities （827. 35/100 000）, while Xiamen declined. Incidence of Cangshan, Jinan and Fuan were higher than those of other districts and counties. Intestinal diseases, in 17-27 weeks, had a peak incidence; besides, incidence of natural foci and vector-berne diseases were significantly higher in 23-34 weeks. Conclusions Relevant departments should take effective measures to prevent and control infectious diseases based on epidemiological characteristics with high or rising trend.