高考中化学实验能力层级的界定及其在试题难度控制中的应用

Definition of Chemical Experiment Ability Levels and its Application in the Control of Questions Difficulty in the College Entrance Examination

根据布鲁姆教育目标分类理论和教育心理学的知识,结合命题实践和实测数据分析将纸笔考试中实验能力界定为识记,获取信息和辨认,匹配、类比和理解,分析和处理,归纳和总结,反思与评价,实验设计7个层级。以界定的实验能力层级指导重庆市高考化学学科实验试题命制,通过调整各个实验能力层级考查点的权重和分布,实现了试题难度的精确控制,显著地提高了试题的区分度。实践证明,界定的实验能力层级具有较高的科学性和较好的操作性,可以在纸笔考试的实验试题命制中进行推广应用。

According to Bloom＇s taxonomy of educational objectives and the knowledge of educational psychology, this paper defined the experimental ability of paper and pencil test as sev- en ability levels based on the practice of preparing questions and data analysis of Chongqing col- lege entrance examination, the seven levels were memorization, access to information and identifi- cation, matching, analogy and understanding, analysis and processing, induction and summary, reflection and evaluation, experimental design. They were used to guide the preparation of ques- tions in Chongqing college entrance examination, by adjusting the proportion and distribution of the test points in each experimental ability level, the accurate control of difficulty of the test was realized, and the discrimination degree of test was significantly improved. Defined experimental ability levels had proved to be with higher scientific and better operability, which could be applied to the preparation of experimental questions of paper and pencil test.