论明代教化戏、弄孔戏与八股文的关系

Relationships between Moralizing Dramas, Teasing-Confucius Dramas and Eight-part Essays in Ming Dynasty

明代戏曲和八股文的发展非常繁荣。这两种文体在体制上有很多相似之处,它们的关系在明代文人笔下更加密切。明初以教化为主题的传奇作品表现出戏曲与八股文相互契合的关系,这类戏曲宣扬"忠孝礼义"的思想,有着浓厚的"道学气",还擅长引经据典、堆砌典故,引起了一股"以时文为南曲"的潮流。而弄孔戏则表现出与八股文既对立又融合的取向,它通过演绎儒家经典达到讽刺社会的效果,这类戏曲也受到晚明游戏八股文潮流的影响。弄孔戏与八股文都以儒家人物立言为主,实质上表达了作者关注晚明儒家思想的发展方向,以及知识分子的社会价值等深层问题。

Dramas and Eight-part Essays are two of the most representative in the Ming dynasty and they closely related to each other because of the writers. Firstly, the moralizing dramas and Eight-part Essays shared a lot of similarities. The drama not only spread the Confucianism but also use lots of allusions from Confucian classics, which started a ＂parallelism drama trend＂. On the other hand, teasing-Confucius dramas were contradictory with the Eight-part Essay. This kind of drama is good at mocking the social phenomenon and was influenced by the trend of teasing the Eight-part Essay. Protagonist of this kind of drama were the characters in Confucian classics,but it paid close attention to the status and direction of Confucianism and the value of intellectuals in Late Ming.