清华简《筮法·祟》与睡虎地秦简《日书甲种·诘》对读札记

Notes from Reading the "Sui 祟"(Ghosts) in Qinghua Bamboo-slip Shi fa in Contrast to the "Jie 诘"(Questioning) in Shuihudi Qin Bamboo-slip Day Book(Ⅰ)

新公布的清华简《筮法》是一篇重要的易学类文献,其"祟"篇涉及较丰富的鬼怪名称,与睡虎地秦简《日书甲种》"诘"篇在字词释读上多可相互比勘、发明。"祟"篇简文中与所占得卦相对应的六处祟主("父之不■="、"■(豦)"、"长殇"、"辜者"、"娩殇"、"■子")在"诘"篇中均能找到类似的名称或表述,这有助于准确解读其义。"不■=",整理者释作"不葬死"是正确的,义同于文献习见的"死不葬";"■(豦)"或即"遽鬼";"长殇"与"幼殇"对言,意谓长而未冠之亡男子;"辜者"应联系"不辜者"理解,指有罪而致刑杀之人;"娩殇"指因母体生产困难而死亡的婴儿;"■子"当读作"蠪子",即"诘"篇"幼蠪"。这种对读对于厘清两种文献的性质与渊源亦有所裨益。

The newly released Qinghua bamboo-slip Shi fa （Method of Divination） is a significant document related to Chan- ges scholarship, in which the chapter ＂Sui祟＂ （Ghosts） involves many names of ghosts which could be compared with the names of ghosts mentioned in the chapter of ＂Jie 诘＂ （Questioning） of the Ri shu （Day Book ） （I） on the Qin （221-206 BCE） bamboo slips excavated at Shuihudi FiFtieS. The names of ghosts mentioned in ＂Sui 祟＂have similar names or expressions in ＂Jie诘＂ and are helpful for us to correctly master their meanings. It is correct that the interpreters viewed the term ＂不 =＂ as ＂bu zang si 不葬死＂, the meaning of which was the same as the ＂si bu zang 死不葬＂ （without burial after one＇s death） frequently seen in the documents related; ＂ （豦）＂ might be the ＂ju gui 遽鬼＂ （ghosts of those who were snatched away by sudden death） ; ＂zhang shang 长殇＂, which refers to a man who had passed away before twenty years of age, was a term in contrast to ＂you shang 幼殇＂ （dying very young） ; ＂gu zhe 辜者＂ means those who had been sentenced to death due to their crimes, which can be understood in contrast to ＂bu gu zhe 不辜者＂ （those who committed no crime）; ＂mian shang 娩殇＂ refers to babies whose death resulted from the difficulty of his/her mother＇s delivery; ＂ 子＂ should be read as ＂long zi 蠪子＂ which has the meanings as ＂幼蠪＂ in the chapter of ＂Jie 诘＂. This kind of contrast in reading can also help us clarify the quality and origin of the above mentioned two kinds of documents.