内圣外王新诠

A New Interpretation of Neishengand Waiwang

传统的内圣外王应用于皇权时代的家族社会,在民权取代皇权,家族日益消亡的情况下,应以核心家庭伦理和规则伦理取代家族伦理,并建立不干涉政治的新儒教,此为儒家新内圣。新外王的民主政治以仁爱共识为基础,首先是天下主义;其次是平等自由主义。内圣外王依据人的不同能力,政治哲学依据人的理性能力,内圣之学依据人对德性天道的信仰。儒家内圣外王的新连接应该回到儒家的源头活水处,合孟荀,折衷于孔子,其思想结构就是:仁爱、平等、自由。

Traditional ideas of ＂cultivating sageliness within＂ （neisheng） and then ＂manifesting it in service to society＂ （waiwang） were applied to lineage society in the times when imperial authority dominated. Under the circumstance that imperial authority has been replaced by civil rights and the clans are perishing day by day, clan ethic should accordingly be replaced by nuclear family ethics and regulatory ethics, and additionally we should establish a new Confucianism which will not interfere with politics. This is a kind of new Confucian neisheng. Democratic politics as a manifestation of new waiwang should be based on benevolence and consensus, which should demonstrate, firstly, universalism, and secondly, egalitarianism and liberalism. Neisheng and waiwang depend on man＇s differential abilities： political philosophy is based on man＇s rational capability; neisheng is based on man＇s belief in virtues and the Dao （Way） of Heaven. The new Confucian neisheng and waiwang should be linked to its fountainhead, synthesizing the thought of Mencius, Xun-zi, and Confucius, the ideological structure of which ought to be composed of benevolence, equality, and freedom.