60年代初关于真理标准问题的讨论:当代中国思想史上被忽略的一个片段

The Discussion over the Benchmark for the Truth in the 1960s:An Ignored Period in Contemporary Chinese Intellectual History

20世纪60年代初期,在《红旗》、《新建设》、《文汇报》等一批刊物上曾开展了一次关于真理标准问题的学术讨论。这次讨论很少为党史或国史专业的学者所了解和关注,在当代中国思想史上也几乎成了被忽略的一个片段。这次讨论是在1956年之后我们党开始探索符合我国国情的社会主义建设道路的大背景下逐步酝酿展开的。1956年出现的一次关于真理是什么的讨论,为这次讨论打下了基础。1960年开始的全面调整,科学教育政策的调整、知识分子政策的调整、对"双百"方针的进一步贯彻,学术界研究和探索马克思主义理论的努力推动了关于这次讨论的出现。这次讨论主要局限于自然科学领域的真理问题,力图从自然科学认识问题作出一般认识论和真理论的结论。主要涉及了真理和错误的关系、实践标准的相对性和绝对性、绝对真理和相对真理的区分、逻辑证明和实践检验的关系等问题。这次讨论对于贯彻教育、科技、知识分子政策的调整有其意义,并且使新中国的哲学工作者和一些对哲学感兴趣的自然科学工作者经历了一次关于马克思主义真理论的深入学习和研究,推动了马克思主义真理论在当代中国的发展,为1978年的真理标准大讨论做了知识上、思想方法上和人才上的准备。

In the early 1960 s, an academic discussion about the issue of the benchmark for the truth was launched in series of periodicalslike Red Flag, The new construction and Wen Hui Bao. Almost ignored in contemporary Chinese intellectual history, the 1960 s discussion is seldom known by scholars expertized in the Party history and national history. The 1960 s academic discussion was unfolded and launched step by step since the Party had opened an exploration in the design for construction of socialist in line with our national situation in 1956.The discussion about 'what is the truth' since 1956 laid a foundation for the discussion. The comprehensive adjustment launched in 1960, the adjustment for scientific educational policy, the adjustment for the intellectual policy, further implementation for'double hundred' policy and academic research, and exploration in Marxism theories all helped to breed this 1960 s discussion. The theme concerned was narrowed down to truth for natural science, trying to make a general epistemology and conclusion for a truth theory.The discussion involved in a large part the relation between the true and the wrong, the absoluteness and relativity in benchmark for practice, distinction in absolute truth and relative one, the relation between logical proofs and tests examined by practice, etc. The 1960 s discussion was critical in carrying forward policies adjustment of education, technology and intellectuals and enabled Chinese philosophy workers and natural science workers interested in philosophy to experience a real deep study and research in Marxism, promoting the development of Marxism truth in contemporary China, and preparing for the discussion in 1978 in knowledge, thinking pattern and talents.