某部舰艇长航人员血压变化及其高血压前期相关因素分析

Blood Pressure Changes and Related Factors of Pre-hypertension of Long-sailing Seamen in A Naval Craft

目的观察某部舰艇长航人员血压变化,探讨其高血压前期相关因素。方法 2014年9—11月,在相关部门授权许可下对某部舰艇上的158例长航人员进行随舰观察和相关调查,观察不同作业环境长航人员长航前、长航1周、长航3周、长航5周、长航7周、长航9周、长航11周、长航后收缩压与舒张压变化及长航11周时高血压发生情况,不同作业环境长航人员长航前及长航11周时血脂指标及血糖变化,不同作业环境长航人员高血压前期发生情况并分析相关因素。结果长航3-11周时,非海勤人员、水面作业人员、水下作业人员收缩压与舒张压均明显升高（P〈0.05）。长航11周时,长航人员总体高血压发生率为8.9%（14/158）,其中非海勤人员为2.1%（1/47）,水面作业人员为5.6%（2/36）,水下作业人员为14.7%（11/75）。不同作业环境长航人员远航前总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）及血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同作业环境长航人员长航11周时TC、HDL比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;TG、LDL、血糖比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。长航人员总体高血压前期发生率为25.3%（40/158）,其中非海勤人员为23.4%（11/47）,水面作业人员为25.0%（9/36）,水下作业人员为26.7%（20/75）。非海勤人员中,高血压前期患者年龄、体质指数（BMI）、海龄、饮酒率、高血压家族史阳性率高于非高血压前期患者（P〈0.05）,而喜食咸食率、吸烟率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;水面作业人员中,高血压前期患者年龄、BMI、海龄、喜食咸食率、饮酒率、高血压家族史阳性率高于非高血压前期患者（P〈0.05）,而吸烟率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;水下作业人员中,高血压前期患者年龄、BMI、海龄、饮酒率、高血压家族史阳性率高于非高血压前期患者（P〈0.05）,而喜食咸食率、吸烟率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论长航人员高血压及高血压前期发生率较高,其高血压前期的发生主要与年龄、BMI、海龄、饮酒、高血压家族史等有关。

Objective To observe the blood pressure changes of long-sailing seamen in a naval craft,to explore the related factors of pre-hypertension.Methods From September to November in 2014,with the authorization of relevant department,a total of 158 long-sailing seamen were observed and investigated in a naval craft.Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of long-sailing seamen with different working environment before long sailing,after 1,3,5,7,9,11 weeks of long sailing and at the end of long sailing were observed,incidence of hypertension was recorded after 11 weeks of long sailing; blood lipids index and blood glucose of long-sailing seamen with different working environment were observed before long sailing and after 11 weeks of long sailing; the incidence of pre-hypertension and related factors were analyzed.Results After 3 to 11 weeks of long sailing,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of deck officers,naval sailors on surface ship and aquanauts were all obviously elevated（P〈0.05）.After 11 weeks of long sailing,the total incidence of hypertension was 8.9%（14 /158）,thereinto of deck officers was 2.1%（1 /47）,of naval sailors on surface ship was 5.6%（2 /36）,of aquanauts was 14.7%（11 /75）.No statistically significant differences of TC,TG,HDL,LDL or blood glucose was found in long-sailing seamen with different working environment before long sailing,nor was TC or HDL after 11 weeks of long sailing（P〈0.05）; while there were statistically significant differences of TG,LDL,blood glucose in long-sailing seamen with different working environment after 11 weeks of long sailing（P〈0.05）.The total incidence of pre-hypertension was 25.3%（40 /158）,thereinto of deck officers was 23.4%（11 /47）,of naval sailors on surface ship was 25.0%（9 /36）,of aquanauts was 26.7%（20 /75）.Age,BMI,years of working,drinking rate,positive rate of family history of hypertension of deck officers with pre-hypertension were statistically significantly higher than those of deck officers without pre-hypertension（P〈0.05）,while no statistically significant differences of salty food eating rate or smoking rate was found（P〈0.05）; age,BMI,years of working,salty food eating rate,drinking rate,positive rate of family history of hypertension of naval sailors on surface ship with pre-hypertension were statistically significantly higher than those of naval sailors on surface ship without pre-hypertension（P〈0.05）,while no statistically significant differences of smoking rate was found（P〈0.05）; age,BMI,years of working,drinking rate,positive rate of family history of hypertension of aquanauts with pre-hypertension were statistically significantly higher than those of aquanauts without pre-hypertension（P〈0.05）,while no statistically significant differences of salty food eating rate or smoking rate was found（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The incidence of hypertension of long-sailing seamen is relatively high,age,BMI,years of working,drinking and family history of hypertension are related factors of pre-hypertension.