土地流转语境下农地产权主体利益之冲突与协调

Conflict and Coordinate the Interests of the Main Stakeholders on Farmland Ownership in the Context of Land Transfer

我国农地所有权主体结构,由初始政治安排的农民私有的单一主体结构,演进为国家和集体所有的土地产权二元主体结构,形成以国家主体的主导性、集体主体的虚位性为特征的土地产权利益配置机制,剥夺和限制了农民的土地产权,造成我国农地产权主体之间利益关系紧张。虽然家庭承包经营责任制,刻意回避农民的土地产权主体地位,在一定程度上赋予农民对土地的永久使用权,但是"国家—集体—农民"的利益冲突并没有从制度上根本改变。因此,改革和完善农地产权制度,必须规范国家利益主体的行为边界,限制公权力对集体和农民的利益侵夺,进一步界定集体土地产权主体,完善制度,赋权农民,以协调农地产权各方主体的利益。

The main structure of the ownership of agricultural land, which evoluted from the initial political arrangements of private unitary body structure to the dualistic structure of state-collective and collective-peasant, is the main reason of various kinds of contradictions of land interests, tight relationship between state and peasants. This allocation mechanism of agricultural land ownership is characterized by the dominant of national body and the absence of collective body. Although the household contract responsibility system deliberately avoided the subject of land ownership status of farmers, to a certain extent, giving farmers the right to permanent use of land, but the contradictions of land interests between state and peasants does not fundamentally changed from the system. Therefore, to reform and complete the agriculture land property system, we should standardize the behavior boundaries of state, limiting public authority to infringe upon the interests of the collective and farmers, to further define the collective land property rights, innovate the structure of property right ownership, empower farmers more property rights, to co- ordinate the interests of the main stakeholders on agricultural land ownership.