糖料蔗节水灌溉方式综合评价研究

The Systemic Evaluation Methods of Comprehensive Benefits in Irrigation Technology for Sugarcane Planting

糖料蔗生产已发展成为广西经济的支柱产业,其种植面积、原料蔗产量和蔗糖总产量均占全国50%以上,高效节水灌溉是糖料蔗生产过程中增产和节水的有效措施。针对糖料蔗高效节水灌溉技术应用尚缺乏科学、有效、系统的生态效益评价方法的问题,采用层次分析法和德尔菲法,结合遥感调查和实地踏勘等,从糖料蔗生产、生态调节、资源利用三个一级指标入手,建立了一套包含糖料蔗产量及质量、水土保持和土壤改良、水资源节约和水质改善、微气候调节、生物多样性提高等在内的14个二级指标和33项观测指标的综合指标体系,确定了各指标的具体观测与评价方法。以江州区糖料蔗基地为例,定量评价了地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌等不同糖料蔗高效节水灌溉模式的生态效益及差异。评价结果可为促进广西糖料蔗产业的可持续发展与生态效益最大化提供科学依据。

Sugarcane production has become a pillar industry of Guangxi＇s economy. Its planting area, sugarcane yield and total sugar yield accounts for more than half of those in the whole country. An efficient and water-saving irrigation is an inevitable choice for increasing the yield and saving water of sugarcane fields in Guangxi. There is a lack of scientific, effective and systemic evaluation methods of ecological benefits in the application of efficient and water-saving irrigation technology for sugarcane planting. Therefore, based on remote sensing and field survey, Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are used to establish a comprehensive index system, which contains 14 second grade indicators and 33 observation indicators, including the yield and the quality of sugarcane, soil conservation and improvement, micro-climate regulation, and biodiversity enhancement. Specific observation and evaluation method of each index is determined. By taking Jiangzhou sugarcane base as an example, the ecological benefit and difference between various modes of efficient and water-saving irrigation, such as surface drip irrigation, pipe irrigation and sprinkling irrigation, are e valuated. The evaluation result can provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development and maximizing ecological benefits of Guangxi sugarcane industry.