面对儿童校外成长中的风险——美国“校外辅助项目”的发展及教育意义

Facing Growing Risks in After-school Time——American “After-school Programs” Development and Educational Significance

长期以来,美国政府都把校外活动看作一项重要的社会教育工程,对"校外辅助项目"进行资助、规范和引导,致力于为学生的校外时间提供建设性的活动项目,促进学生全面发展。美国校外辅助项目提供的主体分为社区和学校两种,它们共同为学生的校外时间提供日常看护、教育、俱乐部、艺术、宗教和运动等丰富多彩的服务,促进学生行为、学术、心理等方面的发展,规避了学生校外成长中的风险。

＂After-school programs＂ refer to all activities and projects undertaken outside the normal school hours, including weekends and holidays. For a long time, the US government regarded after-school activities as an important social education project, providing funding, regulation and guidance to after-school programs. To pro- mote the overall development of students, the government is committed to providing constructive programs for stu- dents in after-school time. Providers of after-school programs are divided into community based organizations and school based organizations in US. They together provide a variety of services, such as daily care, education, clubs, art, religion and sports. The after-school programs play a role in promoting students＇ behavior, academic and psy- chological development, as well as avoid the risk of students＇ growth in after-school time. These experiences are important for the regulation and development of after-school programs in our country.