新企业创业导向、机会导向对绩效的影响研究——基于中国情境的实证分析

Effect of entrepreneurial orientation and opportunistic orientation on performance—Empirical analysis based on Chinese context

创业导向依然是创业领域的热门话题,然而现有研究多是基于西方发达经济情境开展的研究,而针对中国情境的相关研究甚少.我国处于转型特殊时期,新企业不仅表现出较强的创业导向,同时呈现明显的机会导向特征,然而两种企业导向的交互作用对创业绩效产生何种影响尚未得到深入探究.本研究基于企业生命周期视角构建了新企业创建期及成长期的创业导向、机会导向与创业绩效之间的关系理论模型.通过对263家新企业展开实证研究,结果表明无论在新企业创建期还是成长期,创业导向都有利于提升创业绩效;在新企业创建期,创业导向与机会导向的交互作用对创业绩效具有积极影响;而在成长阶段,二者的交互作用对创业绩效具有负影响.

This study explores the unique characteristics of new ventures in China during the transitional peri- od. Specifically, not only entrepreneurial orientation plays its role in improving new ventures＇ performances, but also opportunistic orientation. Based on the life cycle theory, this study examines how entrepreneurial ori- entation and opportunistic orientation influence entrepreneurial performances. Through analyzing 263 new ven- tures in China, the paper finds that entrepreneurial orientation alone positively influences entrepreneurial per- formance in both the creation stage and growth stage. However, in new ventures＇ creation stage, the interac- tive effects of entrepreneurial orientation and opportunistic orientation positively influence entrepreneurial per- formance ; in new ventures＇ growth stage, the interactive effect of entrepreneurial orientation and opportunistic orientation negatively influence entrepreneurial performance.