青岛近海底质沉积物重金属元素分布特征及环境质量评价

Distribution and environment assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Qingdao offshore

根据青岛近海海域采集的157个和周边入海河流46个表层沉积物样品的重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn)测试结果,系统地研究了该区重金属元素分布特征及影响因素,并运用内梅罗综合污染指数法(Nemerow Index)对其环境质量做出了评价。结果表明:青岛近岸海域沉积物重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Hg、Cd含量分布特征基本上分为3种类型:(1)Cr、Cu、Zn为一类,其高值区主要呈条带状或舌状自东北向西南延伸;(2)As、Cd、Pb为一类,其高值区集中分布在崂山东南部海域;(3)Hg自成一类,其高值区集中在胶州湾北部。尼梅罗指数综合计算结果表明青岛近岸海域部分站位表层沉积物已经受到重金属的污染,污染主要集中分布在崂山东南部海域和胶州湾东北部区域。通过与河流表层样作重金属元素的对比研究,河流沉积物是该区重金属的可能来源之一。

Through analyzing the testing results of 157 surface sediment samples and 46 river samples collected from Qingdao offshore and surrounding rivers, systematic study was conducted to examine the heavy metal elements （As, Cd, Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb,Zn）distribution characteristics and influencing factors and to assess the environmental quality with Nemerow Index. Results show that the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in Qingdao offshore can be divided into three types ： （ 1 ） Cr , Cu, Zn are as a class whose high value areas banded extending from northeast to southwest ; （2） As,Cd,Pb are as a class and its high value areas concentrated in the southeast of Laoshan waters; （3） the high value of Hg are concentrated in the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay. Through Nemerow index consolidated results, partial stations have been contaminated and were concentrated in the southeast of Laoshan seas and Jiaozhou Bay area. By the river surface samples for comparative study, river sediments is one of the possible sources of heavy metals.