妊娠期生殖道HPV感染及其对妊娠的影响

Genital HPV Infection in Pregnancy and Impacts on Pregnancy

人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)可感染皮肤和黏膜引起良性或恶性病变。黏膜感染以生殖道感染较常见。女性妊娠期生殖道HPV感染有其特殊性,女性生殖器官的感染可传播给胎儿或新生儿,导致胎儿异常、自然流产和早产等。母婴垂直传播的途径除了分娩时经生殖道直接感染胎儿,还可通过胎盘等感染胎儿。更有研究发现精子和卵子也可受到感染,这对受精后胚胎的发育将产生严重影响,也解释了HPV阴性产妇孕育HPV阳性胎儿这一现象。有关妊娠期HPV感染对妊娠结局和胎儿与新生儿健康的影响仍需要进一步研究。

Human papillomavirus （HPVi can infect mucosa and skin,which causes benign or malignant lesion. HPV infection of genital mucosa is the most common mucosa infection, while there are specificities of genital HPV infection in pregnant women. The mother-to-fetus or mother-to-newborn HPV transmission （vertical transmission） may occur in the HPV-infected pregnancy, which is considered to cause fetal abnormality, spontaneous abortion, premature birth, etc. The ways of HPV vertical transmission include the direct contact with infected cells of vagina and cervix during birth,and the transmission by placenta and so on. More studies showed that sperm and oocyte could be infected by HPV, and that embryonic development could be affected seriously. Therefore it is also reasonable that the HPV-negative mother occasionally delivers an HPV-positive baby. It is necessary to study further the effects of the HPV-infected pregnancy on the pregnant outcomes, and embryonic and children＇s health.