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清末四川南部县乡镇巡警创办研究——以《南部档案》为基本史料的考察 被引量:2

The Founding of Country Patrolman System in Nanbu County of Sichuan in Late Qing Dynasty——An Investigation into Nanbu Archives
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摘要 清末州县乡镇巡警制度的创办,既是清政府试图用近代警察制度代替旧式的团练、保甲基层组织来维护乡镇治安、稳定地方秩序的一次重要尝试,也是清末新政的重要组成部分。《南部档案》保存了清末四川南部县乡镇巡警制度创办的相关史料,从中可见南部县乡镇巡警制度创办的地域特色:巡警道统一部署与知县二元领导;警员以当地壮丁为主,文化程度参差不齐;警费以各种税捐为主要来源,且入不敷出等,后因专业警官人员匮乏、普通巡警文化水平低下、地方官消极怠慢等致南部县乡镇巡警制度创办效果不佳、成绩有限。同时,清末四川南部县乡镇巡警制度创办中还呈现出领导权限不明、警察职责混乱、管理机械僵化、分割州县职能等一系列新特点,在一定程度上宣告了基层官制改革的破产。 The founding of county and township patrolman system in the late Qing Dynasty is not only a significant attempt of the Qing government to replace the old Tuanlian and Bao-jia system with a modern police force in maintaining local security,but also an important part in New Policy. Nanbu Archives contain relevant historical data of the founding of patrolman system in Nanbu County in late Qing dynasty. We can find out some geographical features of the patrolman system from the archives.The patrolman system was under dual leadership of xunjng Dao and county magistrate,and the patrolmen mainly came from local young people with varied education backgrounds. The patrolman system was mainly funded by a variety of taxes which sometimes fell short. Due to the lack of professional staff officers,inadequate education of ordinary patrolmen,and the negative attitude of local officials,the patrolman system in Nanbu failed to perform effectively. Other problems also exist in the performance of the patrolman system in Nanbu County: unclear definition of leadership and police duties,rigid administration and separation of functions of officials at different levels,which,to a certain extent,contribute to bankruptcy of bureaucracy reform in Qing Dynasty.
出处 《西南石油大学学报(社会科学版)》 2015年第6期88-93,共6页 Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金 国家社科基金重大项目"清代南部县衙档案整理与研究"(11&ZD093)
关键词 南部县 乡镇巡警 清末新政 地方治安 《南部档案》 Nanbu County country patrolman system New Policy in late Qing dynasty local policing Nanbu Archives
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参考文献25

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