燃煤电厂从业人员健康状况及影响因素研究

Health Status and Influencing Factors of Coal-fired Power Plant Employees

目的：分析燃煤电厂从业者的健康状况以及影响体检结果指标的主要危险因素，为从业者的健康干预提供依据。方法该研究以503名电厂从业者为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集了社会人口学和职业暴露因素资料，通过体检了解从业者的健康状况和相关指标。结果男性的高血压患病率（10.3%）显著高于女性（2.0%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.001〈0.05）；女性的血常规检查结果异常率（5.9%）显著高于男性（1.1%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.004〈0.05）；男性的胸部X线检查异常率为3.1%，显著高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P=0.039〈0.05）；与女性从业者相比，男性患高血压的风险显著增加（OR=5.83，95%CI：1.75~19.39），差异有统计学意义（P=0.004〈0.05）；工龄≥15年的从业者发生听力损伤的风险显著增加（OR=3.46，95%CI：1.02~11.75），差异有统计学意义（P=0.047〈0.05）。结论男性从业者肺部X线异常率，而女性血常规的异常率高于男性；男性从业者的高血压发生风险高于女性，暴露时间（工龄）是听力损伤的主要影响因素。

Objective Analysis of the major risk of coal-fired power plant and influence of practitioners of health examination results of index factors, and provide the basis for the practitioners of health intervention. Methods In this study, 503 plant workers as the research object, through a questionnaire survey to collect the data of social and demographic factors and occupation exposure, to understand the health status of practitioners and related indicators of the physical examination. Results The male hypertension prevalence rate （10.3%） was significantly higher than that in female （2%）, （P=0.001〈0.05）; the results of blood routine examination of women abnormal rate （5.9%） was significantly higher than that in male （1.1%）,（P=0.004〈0.05）; the abnormal rate of chest X-ray examination for men was 3.1%, significantly higher than that of females,（P=0.039〈0.05）; compared with the female practitioners, significantly increased the risk of male suffering from hypertension （OR=5.83, 95%CI：1.75~19.39）,（P=0.004〈0.05）;a significant increase in the risk of hearing damage occurred more than 15 years of age （OR=3.46, 95%CI 1.02~11.75） practitioners,（P=0.047〈0.05）. Conclusions Chest X-ray abnormality rate of male practitioners and the abnormal rate of blood is higher than that of male female; male workers have a higher risk of hypertension in women, exposure time （age） is the main influence factors of hearing impairment.