论经学与魏晋诗学发展的错综复杂性

On Imbalance between Confucian Classics and Poetics of Wei-Jin Dynasty

无论从思想还是从学术层面而言,儒学在魏晋仍然具有无可置辩的话语霸权,因此儒家诗学也毫无疑问成为影响魏晋诗学的主要元素。汉儒关于诗歌美刺的社会功能、比兴讽谏的艺术特征、情志合一的生成理论、崇尚雅颂的审美蕲向都对魏晋诗学产生了直接影响。但是,随着儒学的式微、玄学的勃兴、佛教本土化的完成,逐步形成了魏晋儒玄释三家并峙的文化格局,从而使经学与诗学的发展也具有不平衡性,或经学衰微,以儒学为底色的诗学比较兴盛;或经学繁荣,而以儒学为底色的诗学又处于退隐状态。只有西晋初期经学与诗学的发展呈现出相对的同步性。

It is indisputable that Confucian classics still kept its discourse hegemony in the Wei‐Jin Dynasty . In this case ,Confucian classics naturally became the main factor ,which influenced the development of poet‐ics in such a period .Confucianism of Han Dynasty emphasized the social functions of praise and admonition , the artistic features of metaphor and irony ,the generative theory of merging sense and sensibility for one , and the aesthetic tendency to grace and elegance .All of these directly affected Wei‐Jin poetics .But at that time ,the overall trend of Confucianism declined;meanwhile ,the Metaphysics and the Buddhism were ready to meet their boom .Thus ,a tripartite confrontation of culture gradually formed .Such a situation not only broke the balance between Confucian classics and poetics because sometimes Confucian classics declined ,but poetics with Confucianism became prosperous while sometimes Confucian classics became prosperous ,but poetics with Confucianism retired .Synchronism only existed in the early western Jin Dynasty .