1992-2014年潍坊市艾滋病个案流行病学调查结果分析

HIV/AIDS Individual Epidemiological Survey and Analysis in Weifang in 1992-2014

目的分析潍坊市作为一个艾滋病低流行地区的疫情构成以及艾滋病传播现况,为艾滋病防治策略措施制定、疫情变化的预测、资源的配置和防治效果的评价提供科学依据。方法采用潍坊市疾控中心设计的《艾滋病流行病学个案调查报告》,收集历年感染者、病人的个案资料,分析潍坊市艾滋病感染人群构成和个案感染艾滋病病毒的真实年份。结果潍坊市1992-2014年累计报告艾滋病病毒感染者、病人496例,其中本地报告病例427例(占86.09%),外地报本市病例69例(占13.91%);男性369例,占74.40%;女性127例,占25.60%;汉族457例(占92.14%),其他民族39例(占7.86%);异性性接触传播236例(占47.58%),男男性接触传播193例(占38.91%),母婴传播、输血、注射吸毒等67例(占13.51%)。当年艾滋病新发病例构成比从2011年起明显逐年升高,2011-2014年新发病例构成比分别达到12.50%、16.36%、23.08%和25.44%,平均为21.25%。高中以上学历者艾滋病病毒阳性者以男男性接触传播为主,传播比例达70.33%;小学及文盲以异性性接触传播为主,传播比例达69.18%。结论潍坊市尚处于艾滋病低流行区,疫情上升迅速,新发感染率较高,性接触传播为主要传播途径,提示应进一步加强艾滋病综合防控策略,遏制艾滋病的传播流行。

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence and transmission of HIV/AIDS in a re- gion of Weifang with a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The results of this study can provide a scientific foundation for for- mulation of HIV/AIDS control strategies, monitoring and predicting prevalence, resource allocation, and assessing the effectiveness of control efforts in this region. Methods Based on the report Epidemiological Case Studies of HIV/AIDS devised by the Weifang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the authors collected information on the an- nual number of individuals with HIV/AIDS and the details of that infection. The composition of individuals with HIV/ AIDS and the exact year of HIV/AIDS infection were analyzed. Results In total, 496 individuals with HIV/AIDS were reported in Weifang from 1992 to 2014. Of these, 427 （86.09%） were reported locally while 69 （13.91%） were original- ly from other areas. By sex, 369 individuals with HIV/AIDS （74.40%） were men and 127 （25.60%） were women. By ethnicity, 457 individuals with HIV/AIDS （92.14%） belonged to the Han ethnic group while 39 （7.86%） belonged to another ethnic group. Analysis of transmission indicated that 236 individuals with HIV/AIDS （47.58 %） were infected via heterosexual sex while 193 （38.91%） were men who had sex with men （MSM） and 67 （13.51%） were infected via moth- er-to-child transmission （MTCM）, a blood transfusion, or intravenous drug use. New cases of HIV infection increased significantly after 2011. From 2011--2014, the proportion of new cases of infection was 12. 50%, 16. 36%, 23.08%, and 25.44%, respectively. On average, 21.25% of cases were new cases of infection. For the people who had a high school education or higher, the major route of transmission was MSM （70. 33%）. The major route of transmission for people who only had an elementary school or lower was through heterosexual sex （69. 18%）. Conclusion Although Weifang has a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS, the rate of infection has increased in the past few years. A large proportion of cases are new eases of infection. Sexual contact was the major route of transmission. Further efforts should be devoted to developing strategies to control and reduce HIV infection.