社会权力视域下的意识形态生产——论伊格尔顿意识形态批评的演进

Ideological Production from the Perspective of Social Power——On the evolution of Eagleton's ideology criticism

作为当代著名的马克思主义批评家,伊格尔顿将意识形态研究推进到文学批评和审美分析中,以意识形态作为连接审美与政治的切入点,探究文本意识形态的生产。伊格尔顿提出文本是生产方式和意识形态诸种因素作用的结果,意识形态在文学生产中呈现不同的结构和状态,批评的任务就是发现文本生产的要素、结构之间的联系,觉察其中隐含的意识形态。在这一过程中,文本形式参与了整个生产过程,通过发掘意识形态如何通过形式要素进入文本以及文学形式如何实现对意识形态的重构,伊格尔顿深入揭示意识形态话语的运作模式和社会权力再生产的运作机制。由此,将文学研究的重心由学术引向政治,体现出文本批评向文化政治批评的演进,批评成为另一种方式的政治。

As a famous contemporary Marxist critic, Eagleton upgraded the ideological research to the criticism and aesthetic analysis, and discussed the production of text ideology, taking ideology as the literary starting point of the connection between aesthetics and politics. Eagleton put forward that the text was the result of the production mode and ideology, and Ideology had different structures and states in the production of literature. The task of criticism was to find the relationship between the elements and structure of the text production. In this process, the text form was involved in the whole production process, through exploring how ideology could enter text and literary form through the form factor to realize the reconstruction of ideology. Eagleton revealed the operation mode of ideological discourse and the operation mechanism of social power reproduction. There- fore, criticism converted to another way of politics, for it shifted the focus of literary studies from the academic to the political, reflecting the evolution of text criticism toward the cultural and political criticism.