基于夜间灯光数据的中国土地城镇化水平时空动态

THE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE LAND URBANIZATION LEVEL IN CHINA BASED ON NIGHTTIME LIGHT DATA

基于长时间序列夜间灯光遥感数据,本研究从国家、八大经济区、省、地等四个尺度综合分析了中国1992—2010年土地城镇化水平时空动态特征。结果表明,在1992—2010年间:中国土地城镇化水平增长迅速,年均增长率为8.34%,明显高于同时期人口城镇化水平增长速度;土地城镇化水平区域差异十分显著,东部沿海经济区在八大经济区中土地城镇化水平最高且增长速度最快,香港、澳门特别行政区土地城镇化水平远高于其它省区;土地城镇化的热点区域主要集中分布于长三角、山东半岛、海峡西岸等11个城市群地区。

Urbanization is thus a phenomenon that simultaneously involves changes in population, economy,society, and land. Urban land accounts for a small fraction of the Earth＇s surface area but rapid increases in urban land have a disproportionate influence on the environment. China is a living laboratory in urbanization and has witnessed fast urban growth in recent decades. It is important to understand the spatial-temporal dynamics of land urbanization level（LUL） for the past 20 years in China, since the spatiotemporal dynamics can provide reference for adjusting and optimizing the land patterns in new-type urbanization. Nighttime stable light（NSL） data obtained by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program＇s Operational Linescan System（DMSP/OLS） can provide an economical way to measure LUL nationwide. Based on remote sensing and GIS technology, the paper analyzed the spatial-temporal dynamics of LUL in China from 1992 to 2010 using time-series DMSP/OLS nighttime light data. To reveal the overall characteristics, regional difference characteristics, and spatial clustering characteristics of the spatial-temporal dynamics from multi-perspective, the research was undertaken from four scales： nation, economic region, province, and prefecture-level city. The results of the research are as follows： 1）The average of LUL in China is 0.59%. There are 62.50%of the economic regions, 73.53% of the provinces, and 61.99% of the prefecture-level cities with the LUL above the national average. 2）The LUL of China is growing rapidly from 0.21% in 1992 to 0.91% in 2010,an increase of 3.33 times. The growth rate is apparently higher than the growth rate of population urbanization level. 3）The regional differences of LUL are significant and the LUL of coastal economic regions are far above the inland economic regions. 4）Hot areas of the land urbanization of China mainly distributed in 11 urban agglomerations（Yangtze River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, West Coast of the Straits, Beijing-TianjinTangshan, Pearl River Delta, Central-southern of Liaoning, Central Plains, Jinzhong, Middle Yangtze River,Guanzhong, Chuanyu）.