不同市场需求在合作策略和非合作策略下双渠道供应链最优订货模型

Optimal Order Model of Dual-Channel Supply Chain Based on Non-cooperative and Cooperative Strategies under Different Demand Distribution

针对双渠道供应链间合作与非合作情形,建立了双渠道优化合作转运模型以及最优订货模型.在此基础上,考虑市场需求变化情况,通过仿真研究,分别分析了需求为均匀分布、正态分布和泊松分布时非合作与合作情形下的基础库存、订货量和渠道利润及供应链系统利润等.研究表明:当市场需求服从正态分布时,双渠道实施合作转运策略可以降低市场需求变化的风险,供应链系统利润和渠道利润大于非合作时的利润,缺货率、基础库存水平也相比下降;而需求服从均匀分布和泊松分布时,分别对应需求稳定和需求剧烈变化的情形,此情况下实施双渠道合作转运策略的优势不大.因此,双渠道供应链在需求为正态分布时实施合作转运,对减小需求变动风险、提高双渠道供应链利润具有重要的作用.

Optimal cooperative transshipment model is built and optimal ordering model of dual-channel supply chain under cooperation and non-cooperation is discussed.Based on that,by consideration of that demand will change depending on distribution and impact transshipment strategy,through simulation,a series of indicators such as stock,optimal order quantity,respective channel profit and optimal transshipment are analysed in cooperative and non-cooperative model under different distributions including uniform distribution,normal distribution and Poisson distribution.Research indicates that cooperative transshipment contributes to reducing demand change risk,the system profit and respective channel profit are higher than those in non-cooperative situation,meanwhile out of stock rate and stock level tend to decline when market demand follows normal distribution.When demand follows uniform distribution and Poisson distribution which correspond respectively to no significant change in demand and high predictability as well as dramatic change in market demand,the implementation of the dualchannel cooperation transit strategy does not take effect.Therefore,the optimal cooperation strategy ofdual-channel supply chain plays an important role in reducing the risk of demand changes and increasing supply chain profit when demand follows normal distribution.