麦积区苹果种植土壤氮磷钾施肥精准化研究

Research of Precision Fertilization on Apple Planting Soil NPK in MaiJi

苹果种植已成为麦积地区的支柱产业,精准化施肥对苹果产业的发展具有重大影响。在甘肃省天水市麦积区3个种植区选择对苹果种植影响较大的土壤氮（N）磷（P）钾（K）元素,结合2012—2013年调查的树龄、实测土壤NPK量、目标产量,借助于NPK比例法,通过计算机模拟计算,在试验区进行两年试验可知,土壤NPK模拟施肥方式能科学的调整土壤NPK施肥量,并使NPK实测施肥比例与NPK适宜比例误差控制在±10%以内,每667 m2产量相比其他种植区较上年增加了5%~15%;模拟施肥量与苹果树对土壤NPK的需求量、吸收量、地块、树龄、地块土壤肥力、生长季节和土壤性状有密切关系。这为麦积区苹果种植精准施肥提供了科学依据和技术支撑。

Fertilization of precision has a significant infl uence on the development of apple industry with apple planting has already become a pillar industry in Maiji district. After doing Simulation and prediction study on soil NPK in Maiji district,Tianshui city, Gansu provice, can guide the local apple planting. All these depend on the surveyed data in Baojiagou village of Ganquan town,Damuwan village of Mapaoquan town and Zhouban village of Shife town between 2012 to 2013 including tree ages, fertilizer number of Survey and target yield, combining with NPK ratio method, build simulation method of fertilization by computer. The main result is as following： Simulation model of Soil NPK can adjustment fertilizer with Scientific method. It can control margin of error of surveyed soil NPK rate and soil NPK rate of optimize in 10% and make planting areas yield per 667 m2 increase between 5% and 15% than last year compare with others areas;the adjustment effect of simulation method of soil NPK fertilization is impacted by apple trees on the demanded quantity of soil NPK, absorption amount of soil NPK, planting areas, tree ages, soil fertility of planting areas, the growing seasons and soil properties.This studies can provides the science basis and technical support for precision fertilization of apple in Maiji.