三合一实验装置在酯化反应中的应用

Application of“Three-in-one”apparatus in esterification

采用自制的回流、分水、蒸馏三合一实验装置代替传统的加热回流、回流分水及蒸馏3套实验装置,以环境友好型固体酸Zr(SO4)2/SiO2和TiOSO4代替传统液体酸为催化剂,分别合成乙酸乙酯和乙酸正丁酯。通过合成反应的酯化率、产率及产物的酸值比较研究三合一装置与传统装置在酯化反应中的性能差异,并用FTIR表征酯化产物的分子结构。实验结果表明:三合一装置在酯化反应中的加热回流操作性能与传统装置相当,回流分水与蒸馏操作性能优于传统装置,它对两种酯产物的分子结构均无影响;三合一装置不但适用于实验教学、科研实验,还为相关化工生产设备的设计与制造提供启示。

With environmentally friendly solid acid Zr（SO4 ）2/SiO2 and TiOSO4 as the catalysts,ethyl acetate and n-butyl acetate are respectively synthesized by Three-in-one apparatus （made by ourselves）and three sets of conventional ones （i.e., reflux,water diversion reflux and distillation apparatus ）. The performance differences between “Three-in-one”apparatus and the conventional ones are comparatively studied through esterification rate,yield and acid numbers of as-synthesized esters.Molecular structures of ester products are characterized by FTIR.The experimental results show that “Three-in-one”apparatus can achieve the same reflux performance as the conventional one,can exhibit much better performance of water diversion reflux and distillation than that of the conventional ones,and has no any effect on the molecular structure of two ester products;the “Three-in-one” apparatus can not only be applied to experimental teaching and scientific research,but also provide inspiration for the design and manufacture of relevant chemical production equipment.