石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展

Progress in Graphene-Based Hydrogels

石墨烯具有独特的导电、导热和力学性能,既能够自组装为电化学性能优良的石墨烯水凝胶,又可以与小分子和聚合物进行复合制备多功能性复合水凝胶,大幅度地拓展了传统水凝胶的应用范围。本文主要分为四部分来综述近些年来石墨烯基水凝胶的研究进展。第一部分简要介绍了石墨烯的研究背景和石墨烯基水凝胶的研究意义。第二部分主要根据石墨烯基水凝胶的组成将其分为石墨烯水凝胶、石墨烯/小分子和石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶三类,分别介绍了它们的制备方法、形成机理和凝胶性能。其中,对石墨烯/小分子复合水凝胶的介绍以石墨烯基超分子水凝胶为主,而对石墨烯/聚合物复合水凝胶的介绍以智能型水凝胶为主。第三部分主要介绍了石墨烯基水凝胶在超级电容器、水处理、控释药物、微流体开关、催化剂载体等方面的应用和发展。最后,对该领域所面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。

The unique properties of graphene, such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, have made graphene not only a gelator to self-assemble into the graphene hydrogel with extraordinary electromechanical performance, but also a filler to blend with small molecules and macromolecules for the preparation of multifunctional graphene-based hybrid hydrogels, which fully exploits the practical applications of traditional hydrogels. Herein, recent progress in graphene-based hybrid hydrogels has been reviewed and the whole article can be divided into four sections. In the first section, a brief introduction on the development of graphene as well as the significance of the fabrication of graphene-based hydrogels is devoted. In the second section, the graphene-based hybrid hydrogels are roughly divided into three categories： graphene hydrogel, graphene/small molecules and graphene/macromolecules hybrid hydrogels according to their composition. The preparation methods of various hydrogels, as well as the mechanisms of their gelation process and the hydrogels＇ performance, are also presented. With the presentation of graphene/small molecules hybrid hydrogels, emphasis is given to the development of graphene-based supramolecular hydrogels, while with the presentation of graphene/macromolecules hybrid hydrogels, graphene-based intelligent hydrogels contributed a much higher proportion. In the third section, the applications of graphene-based hybrid hydrogels in supercapacitor, water purification, controlled release drug, microfluidic switch, catalyst support, etc. , are introduced respectively. Finally, challenges in the development of graphene-based hydrogels are summarized briefly and future prospect is given as well.