对中枢与外周运动性疲劳的再认识

Re-cognition of exercise-induced central and peripheral fatigue

背景:在运动性疲劳的研究工作中,不少学者多采用力竭的动物模型,混淆了筋疲力尽与运动性疲劳。目的:正确的认识运动性疲劳,了解其发生机制,掌握合理有效的防治措施从而消除疲劳对增进大众健康、提高运动成绩、预防运动伤病的发生,对运动性疲劳的概念、研究现状以及存在问题进行综合分析。方法:以"运动性疲劳、外周疲劳;中枢疲劳、exercise-induced fatigue"为检索词,计算机检索Medline、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库1966至-2014年与运动性疲劳或与运动疲劳密切相关的文献,对其中49篇进行归纳总结。结果与结论:运动性疲劳研究的标准和条件控制存在需要再认识的问题,关于中枢疲劳和外周疲劳发生部位、原因与物质变化依旧存在很大的争议。外周疲劳发生在神经肌肉接头、横管系统、肌浆网、线粒体及肌细胞膜等部位,并引起相应的物质变化。运动性中枢疲劳时中枢神经系统产生的神经递质、调质、神经激素会发生相应的变化,这些改变与运动性中枢疲劳的产生有密切关系。

BACKGROUND：Animal exhaustion models are used mostly in exercise-induced fatigue research, in which complete exhaustion is confused with sports fatigue. OBJECTIVE：By understanding of exercise-induced fatigue, understanding the mechanism of its occurrence, to grasp the reasonable and effective control measures, which to eliminate fatigue is very important for improving public health, improving sports performance and preventing sports injuries. METHODS：A computer-based search of Medline, Embase, CBMdisc and CNKI was used for articles related to exercise-induced fatigue published from 1966 to 2014. The keywords were “exercise-induced fatigue, peripheral fatigue; central fatigue, exercise-induced fatigue” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly, 49 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The criteria and condition control of exercise-induced fatigue should be recognized. The mechanisms of peripheral fatigue and central fatigue are stil unclear. The peripheral fatigue may locate in the neuromuscular junction, T system, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myocardial cel membrane with the corresponding material changes. During the exercise-induced central fatigue, there are corresponding changes in the neurotransmitters produced by the central nervous system, transfers quality and neural hormone.