不同生物标记物预测关节置换后假体周围感染与无菌性松动的效能分析

Different biomarkers predict periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic loosening after joint arthroplasty

背景:假体周围感染是关节置换后一种难以处理的并发症,早期诊断是治疗的关键,寻找到一种反应快速的、高敏感度和特异度的分子生物学标志物可显著优化假体周围感染的诊断过程。目的:监测血降钙素原、白细胞介素6和脂多糖结合蛋白水平,并与血白细胞计数和C-反应蛋白水平比较,明确上述指标鉴别关节置换后感染的敏感度和特异度。方法:招募2008年1月至2013年12月因关节置换后疼痛就诊于济宁医学院附属医院的患者81例。所有的感染患者修复手术分为两期,一期彻底清创,安装临时占位器,平均3个月后进行二期重建。术前1 d采集静脉血,检测降钙素原、白细胞介素6、脂多糖结合蛋白、白细胞计数和C-反应蛋白水平,术中采集滑膜及假体周围假包膜的样本,行细菌及组织形态学检查。应用受试者工作特征曲线计算敏感度和特异度。结果与结论:单因素方差分析结果显示,脂多糖结合蛋白的受试者工作特征曲线最大,为0.962,95%置信区间0.924-1.000,诊断价值最佳,此时的临界值为23.5μg/L,表明术前患者血脂多糖结合蛋白超过23.5μg/L时,诊断为假体周围感染的可能最大;其次是C-反应蛋白,其受试者工作特征曲线为0.871;而白细胞的受试者工作特征曲线接近0.5,术前根据白细胞计数诊断假体周围感染的价值不大。提示检测脂多糖结合蛋白对于关节置换后假体周围感染的诊断具有良好的应用前景,它对假体周围感染的阳性预测率和阴性预测率均很高。

BACKGROUND： Periprosthetic joint infection is a complication that is difficult to deal with after joint arthroplasty. Early diagnosis is the key to treatment. To find a fast response, high-sensitivity and high-specificity molecular biomarker can significantly optimize the diagnosis process of periprosthetic joint infection. OBJECTIVE： To monitor blood procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels, to compare with blood leukocyte count and C-reactive protein levels, to identify above indexes, and to distinguish sensitivity and specificity of periprosthetic joint infection. METHODS： A total of 81 patients with pain after arthroplasty who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2008 to December 2013 were enrolled in this study. The repair surgery of all patients was divided into two stages. In the first stage, complete debridement and the installation of temporary occupancy device were conducted. After 3 months averagely, two-phase reconstruction was performed. At 1 day before surgery, venous blood was collected. Calcitonin, interleukin 6, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, leukocyte count and C- reactive protein levels were detected. During the operation, synovial membrane and sample of false envelope around the prosthesis were collected. Bacterial and histological examinations were performed. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： One-way analysis of variance results showed that the receiver operating characteristic curve of lipopolysaccharide binding protein was bigger, 0.962; 95 confidence interval 0.924-1.000. Diagnostic value was optimal, and the critical value was 23.5 μg/L. These data suggested that when lipopolysaccharide binding protein exceeded 23.5 μg/L before surgery, periprosthetic joint infection would be identified. The receiver operating characteristic curve of C-reactive protein was 0.871. The receiver operating characteristic curve of leukocytes was close to 0.5. The diagnostic value of leukocyte count on periprosthetic joint infection was not great. These findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide binding protein has good application prospect in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection after joint replacement, and shows high positive predictive rate and negative predictive rate of periprosthetic joint infection.