中美创新人才培养衔接比较研究——以四所大学土木工程专业为例

Sino-American Comparative Research on the Connection of Innovative Talents Training: Taking the Major of Civil Engineering in Four Universities as an Example

文章通过比较中美四所研究型大学土木工程专业的人才培养发现,中美两国案例院校本、硕、博课程衔接分别呈现出"反复加深专门化"和"由博而专"的特点。美国案例院校通过本科教育激发和培养学生"潜能",与硕士和博士阶段的课程和学习构成"放射状",本科教育是原点;我国案例院校本科教育重在知识掌握,与硕士和博士阶段的课程和学习构成"尖塔状",本科教育是基层。要提高我国拔尖创新人才的培养质量,关键在于加深对本科阶段人才培养地位与任务的认识,进一步落实"宽口径、厚基础"培养,使之成为一种创新能力教育,并在此基础上相应改革研究生培养方式,增强本、硕、博人才培养的合力。

The comparative analysis on the talent training program of civil engineering major in four universities in both China and America has shown that,the curriculum joints of undergraduate-master-doctor between China and American universities present different characteristics of ＂iterative deepened specialization ＂and＂from wide range to specialization＂respectively. In the American sample,the undergraduate education is the starting point which aims at stimulating and cultivating students＇ potential,and the learning curriculums of undergraduate-master-doctor form a ＂radial＂shape. In the Chinese sample,the undergraduate education is the basis which aims at the acquisition of knowledge,and the learning curriculums of undergraduate-master-doctor form a ＂steeple＂shape. To improve the quality of innovative talent training in Chinese universities,the key is to deepen the understanding of the goal and meanings of undergraduate education,to pay more attention to the cultivation mode of ＂deepening foundation,widening caliber＂,to turn undergraduate education into education of innovative ability,and to make corresponding reform in postgraduate cultivation reform so that the undergraduate,master and doctoral education could work together in harmony to bring up innovative talent.