美国公立高校风险管理:背景、机制与借鉴

Risk Management of U. S. Public University:Background,Mechanism and Reference

高等教育财政投入的持续减少,营利性高教机构的崛起,院校外部问责压力的不断加大等变化使美国公立高校运营陷入多重风险,由此也激发其于风险管理领域的不懈努力。当前,一些优秀的院校(如加州大学)已于此领域取得可喜成就。文章从组织制度理论视野审视以上现象,从文化、经济、政治等多个层面揭示出该现象得以创生、发展的作用机制,反映出该现象的实质,即院校通过变革自身的结构与运行方式来适应环境压力,以确保自身的存续与发展。对以上内容的明晰将为重塑我国高校风险管理研究的先导性提供观念引导,为逐步创生中国公立高校院校风险管理实践、有效应对实践中日益严峻的高校风险问题提供路径启示与现实策略。

The U. S. public universities have witnessed perceptible changes in their external environment： the continuous decrease of diminishing financial subsidy,the rise of the profit-seeking higher-education institutions and the increasing extension of the external accountability. In the face of the elevated risks and pressure incurred by the changes,the public universities,for example,University of California,have strove. To analyze the preceding phenomenon from the perspective of organization system theory,this paper reveals the creation and development mechanism of the phenomenon from the aspects of culture,economy and politics. It reflects the essence of the phenomenon that colleges and universities attempt to adapt to the ambient pressure through reforming their own structure and operation mode so as to ensure their existence and development. The background and mechanism analysis on the risk management practice will provide concept guiding for the theoretical research in domestic risk management as well as give reference and realistic strategies for creating the risk management practice of Chinese public colleges and universities so as to effectively handle problems concerning risks at institutions at tertiary level in contemporary China.