宋代湖湘的流寓士人与文化意义

On Hu-Xiang Floating Old Scholars and Their Cultural Significance in Song Dynasty

两宋时期,湖湘地区成为士人主要的流寓之地。他们开宗立派,讲学布道,在湖湘大地上形成一个新的文化圈。面对不同的自然环境和社会关系,士人的心态发生了变化:有的表现出一定的疏离感,怀有"乡梦断,旅魂孤"的故国之思;有的则超越狭隘的乡土意识,积极与湖湘本土文化交流融合,以胡氏父子、张栻为代表的流寓士人,秉承"议论酬唱甚乐"的观念,形成了影响深远的湖湘学派。这些流寓文化共同丰富了湖湘文化的内涵,推动了湖湘文化的兴盛,促成了湖湘文化的新变,提升了湖湘的地域形象。

During South and North Song dynasties,Hu-Xiang were the major living regions of the floating old scholars. They established schools,gave lectures,preached their ideas,and formed a new cultural circle. Their mentality changed when facing different natural environment and social relations. Some of them had the thought of the old country and showed some sense of alienation to Hu-Xiang local culture. Some of them went beyond the narrow local consciousness,integrated with Hu-Xiang local culture and formed the influential school of Hu-Xiang which were represented by Hu＇s father and son,Zhang Shi. They enriched the connotation of Hu-Xiang culture together,promoted the development and prosperity of it,contributed to its new change and new regional image.