两种自由概念之辨——论伯林的自由观

Two Concepts of Liberty: On the Distinction of Berlin's Concept of Liberty

以赛亚·伯林明确提出了积极自由与消极自由这两种自由概念,其贡献在于厘清了两者对于自由本身的作用。消极自由要求保障最低限度的自由领域,积极自由的自我实现则外拓自由领域;前者一味退守将扼杀自身,后者一味外拓将丧失自由本身。两种自由虽然都存在正反两面的意义,但自由的最终获取恰恰是基于两者的相互依存,而其中消极自由作为屏障,从中导出的自由选择更需要得到重视。

By clearly putting forward two concepts of liberty which include positive freedom and negative freedom, Isaiah Berlin made contribution to clarify the effect of them to freedom .The negative freedom re-quires the protection of the minimum free field , and the positive freedom expands the boundaries of freedom;The former’ s blind retreat will kill itself , the latter ’ s blind extension will lose freedom , although both of them have significance of positive and negative , freedom is eventually based on two of them .Negative free-dom acts as a barrier , freedom of choice produced in the negative freedom should be paid more attention to .