湖北省主要传疟媒介按蚊生态习性及密度分析

Analysis on the density and ecological habit of the main malaria vector Anopheles in Hubei Province

目的了解近年来湖北省主要传疟媒介按蚊季节消长、栖息、吸血和孳生地等生态习性及其密度变化情况，为消除疟疾前蚊媒防制工作提供依据。方法于2012年7—9月。选择京山县、广水市和随州市曾都区为调查点，采用人工叮咬、帐诱捕蚊和灯诱3种方式进行媒介按蚊密度监测和生态习性调查。对调查资料进行描述性分析和方差分析检验。结果调查捕获的传疟按蚊均为中华按蚊，未发现嗜人按蚊。京山县人诱密度成蚊密度7月份最高，为7．50只／（人．h）：曾都区帐诱密度8月份最高，为0．18只，帐；广水市灯诱密度7月份最高，为9．67只／夜。中华按蚊幼虫密度在不同孳生地以8月下旬和9月上旬为高。结论湖北省原嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊复合媒介区．现已很少发现有嗜人按蚊的存在，中华按蚊幼虫孳生地以稻田为主，中华按蚊幼虫密度和成蚊密度季节消长基本一致。

Objective To understand current changing situation of density and ecological habit such as the fluctuation of populations and change of habitat, blood sucking and breeding sites of the main malaria vector Anopheles in Hubei Province, so as to provide a reference for malaria control before the elimination of malaria. Methods Field investigation was carried out in Jingshan, Guangshui and Zengdu counties to analysize the Anopheles density and ecological habits by per man per hour method, man bait within nets method and light trap method. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, variance test and chi-square test. Results Anopheles anthropophagus was not found in the whole 3 survey areas in 2012, and the Anopheles sinensis was the only one found. In the adult Anopheles density survey, the human landing catch density in late August at Jingshan was the highest （7.50/man.h）; the man baited within nets density was the highest （0.18/net） in August; and the light trap catch density in July at Guangshui was highest （9.67/night）. In the Anopheles sinensis larvae density survey, the A. sinensis larvae density peak was in late August and early September in various counties. Conclusion In the former A. anthropophagus and A. sinensis complex vector area, A. anthropophagus was now rarely found. A. sinensis larvae breeding site was mainly rice field, its larval density decreased in late July, rebounded in August, and declined in September. The seasonal fluctua- tions of density of A. sinensis larvae and adult were consistent.