湖北孝感某地蜱虫及人感染蜱媒病原体现状调查

Tick infestation and tick-borne pathogen infection in human and ticks in a military camp and nearby area in Xiaogan,Hubei

目的了解驻湖北孝感某部营区蜱虫及蜱媒病原体感染现状，为防治蜱媒病对人群健康危害提供科学依据。方法2012年对某营区的仓库及训练场开展蜱虫调查，采集营区警犬饲养员及离营区20km医院发热待查患者血样、警卫犬体表及营区草地上的蜱虫，分别提取其基因组DNA，PCR方法检测分析测定病原体基因分型。结果累计收集患者血110份，将血样混合分组，共7组；警犬饲养员血1份。患者血样检出巴尔通体和肺炎军团菌分别为3组和1组，最大似然估计（maximum likelihood estinate．MLE）感染率分别为27．77％。（4／110），8．52％。（1／110）；警犬饲养员血液检测到巴尔通体。从警犬身上、营区草地上分别采集蜱虫6只、20只。警卫犬体表蜱虫和营区草地蜱虫均检测到巴尔通体和立克次体．营区警犬饲养员及医院发热待查患者血样与营区警犬体表蜱虫检测到的巴尔通体基因型不同，分别为牛巴尔通体（B．bovis USAMRIID-000002），杆菌巴尔通体（B．birtlesii USAMRIID-000020），伊莉萨白巴尔通体（B．elizabethae USAMRIID-000008 or B．grahamii USAMRIID-000026）．巴尔通体变形菌（B．grahamii USAMRIID-000026）：而警犬体表蜱虫携带的为巴尔通伯格霍夫亚种（Bartonella vinsonii subsp．berkhoffii）基因型Ⅲ。不同来源的样本检测的巴尔通体基因型不同。结论该调查点蜱虫易见，蜱媒病原体感染率高．应采取蜱虫防制措施。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of ticks in a military camp, the tick-borne pathogens infection of ticks and human in Xiaogan, Hubei, to provide scientific proof for prevention and treatment of the tick infestation and tick-borne diseases. Methods A total of 110 of human blood samples were collected, Among them, One were sampled from a police dog breeder in military camp, and the other samples were from the out patients who had unknown fever in a hospital apart from 20 km away. Twety-six ticks were sampled, 6 came from the guard dogs and 20 from the camp lawn. Samples were mixed into groups and detected by PCR-mass spectrum methods to check the pathogens and their gene types. Results Three and one out of seven groups of blood from outpatients were detected as positive of Bartonella spp. and Legionella pneumophila, respectively. The minimum infection rates were 27.77‰ and 8.52‰, respectively. Bartonella spp. was detected from the dog breeder blood sample. The ticks from the police dogs and from the camp grassland were detected as positive of Bartonella and Rickettsia, individually. BartoneUa genotypes were different among the blood samples from the dog breeder and the patients and the ticks from the police dog. Blood samples contain B. bovis USAMRIID-000002, B. birtlesii USAMRIID-000020, B. elizabethae USAMRIID-000008 or Bartonella grahamii USAMRIID-000026, Bartonella grahamii USAMRIID-000026, while the ticks sample carry Bartonella vinsonii subsp, berkhoffii genotype Ⅲ. Different Bartonella genotypes were detected from different sample sources. The gene types of BartoneUa detected differed from each other. Conclusion In our research area, there were heavy ticks infestation. And the infection rate of tick-borne pathogens in outpatients who had unknown fever was high. Preventive measures should been taken.