反渗透技术去除核电厂放射性废液中痕量核素的研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF APPLICATION OF RO TECHNOLOGY IN THE REMOVAL OF TRACE RADIONUCLIDES FROM RADIOACTIVE LIQUID WASTE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

介绍了我国运行核电厂放射性废液及其处理系统的特点;综述了反渗透在国内外核设施放射性废水处理过程中的应用,考察了溶质在反渗透膜内的传输机理,分析了当前商用的反渗透设计评价模型应用于水中痕量放射性核素去除的可行性。指出了当前RO膜去除我国核电厂放射性废液中痕量核素应进一步完善的工作,包括完善RO膜去除我国核电厂排放的主要放射性核素如^(110m)Ag和^(54)Mn及其化合物的研究和影响因素的分析;开展RO膜去除水中痕量放射性核素的机理研究,建立RO膜去除效率与水中痕量放射性核素浓度以及与膜面积关联的评价模型。

The characteristics of radioactive liquid wastes and its processing systems in Chinese nuclear power plants were investigated. The applications of reverse osmosis technology in radioactive liquid waste treatment processes for various nuclear facilities were reviewed. The mechanism of solute transport through reverse osmosis membrane was discussed. Moreover, the feasibility of applications of commercial RO design evaluation models in the removal of trace radionuclide from water was analyzed. Further studies on the application of RO technology in the removal of trac.e radionuclides from radioactive liquid waste of nuclear power plant were put forward, These studies included the study on the removal of main radionuclides （such as 119Ag and 54Mn） and their compounds from radioactive liquid waste of Chinese nuclear power plants by RO as well as its influencing factors, the study on the removal mechanism of trace radionuclides from water by RO, and the study on the evaluation model for the removal efficiency of RO membrane correlated with the trace radionuclide concentration and the membrane area.