论牟宗三对陆王心学“心即理”命题的康德式解读

Mou Zongsan's Interpretation of the Statement of“Mind Is Reason”in Lu-Wang's Philosophy of the Mind with the Method by Kant

牟宗三认为陆王心学之主要命题"心即理"是先天分析命题。"心即理"是主客之同一体,具有非对象性,建立在"心即理"命题基础之上的象山之学只能通过非分解方式阐发。非对象性可以通过对象性思维方式得到澄明,所以,由象山之学发展到阳明之学就成为必然。道德之可能性需要两个条件即自律和自由,这些在象山那里都得到具体而真实的呈现。作为主客同一体之"心即理"命题,只能应用于思维领域,要使该命题具有真正的价值,还必须通过"致良知"之实践工夫。

Mou Zongsan thinks that the “mind is reason” is the main statement of Lu-wang’ s philosophy of the mind. It is a priori analysis statement. “Mind is reason”is an integration of subject and object. It has the nature of non-objection. Xiangshan’ s academics built on the statement of “mind is reason” must be stated in the way of non-definition. The nature of non-objection can be explained by the thinking method of objection. Then it is inevitable that Xiangshan’s academics developed to Yangming’ s academics. The possibility of morality has two conditions. These are self-discipline and freedom. These appear concretely and truly in Xiangshan’ s academics. The statement of“mind is reason” can only be used in the area of thought because it is subjective and objective integration. We must use practicing way of “Zhiliangzhi”, and then the statement can have its true value.