陕西省115个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因的分子检测

Molecular detection of stripe rust resistance genes in 115 wheat varieties(lines)from Shaanxi Province

为掌握陕西省主栽与后备小麦品种对我国条锈菌的抗性水平,明确其抗锈基因分布,本研究选用条锈菌流行小种CYR32和新毒性小种V26对115份陕西省主栽和后备小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗病性鉴定,并分别利用抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr9(1B/1R)、Yr10、Yr18和Yr26的紧密连锁分子标记对这115份材料进行了分子检测。结果表明,供试小麦品种(系)中,抗CYR32的有61份,占53.04%;抗V26的有84份,占73.04%;对2个小种均抗病的有50份,占43.48%。分子检测发现115份材料均不含有Yr10;可能携带Yr9基因的有41份,占35.65%;可能含有Yr5、Yr18和Yr26的材料分别为3份、3份和2份,占2.61%、2.61%和1.74%。因此,当前陕西省主栽与后备小麦品种(系)对CYR32和V26的抗性整体水平还有待进一步提高,Yr9分布频率较高,而Yr5、Yr10、Yr18和Yr26分布频率较低,建议在以后小麦育种中减少Yr9的使用,加强利用Yr5和Yr18与其他有效基因聚合培育持久抗条锈病品种。

To detect the resistance to races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） and stripe rust resistance genes in commercial wheat cultivars and regional test wheat lines in Shaanxi Province, we tested 115 wheat cultivars （lines） with Pst prevalent race CYR32 and new race V26 at the seedling stage, and screened these cultivars （lines） with the closely linked molecular markers of wheat stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr9 （1B/1R）, Yr10, Yr18 and Yr26. Our results indicated that 61 （53.04%） cultivars （lines） were resistant to CYR32, 84 （73.04%） were resistant to V26 and 50 （43.48%） were resistant to both CYR32 and V26. The results of molecular detection showed that none of the tested cultivars （lines） contained Yr10. There were 41, 3, 3 and 2 cultivars （lines） containing Yr9, Yr5, Yr18 and Yr26, accounting for 35.65%, 2.61%, 2.61% and 1.74%, respectively. Therefore, the whole stripe rust resistance levels of commercial wheat cultivars and regional test wheat lines need to be improved, and the frequency of stripe rust resistance gene Yr9 is still too high and the frequencies of Yr5, Yr10, Yr18 and Yr26 are low. In future wheat breeding programs, the non-effective gene Yr9 should be avoided being used, and genes Yr5 and Yr18 should be used to pyramid with other stripe rust effective resistance genes to achieve durable resistance.