庄子与时俱化的生存智慧--《因其固然·养生主》篇及相关思想疏论

Transforming with the Times: An Analysis of ‘Taking Advantage of What is Already There'· Fundamentals for the Cultivation of Life'and Related Thoughts in Chuang-Tzu

《庄子》内篇《因其固然·养生主》中庖丁解牛、薪尽火传等寓言家喻户晓,该篇主旨、寓意却多有岐解,庄子创作寓言的真正蕴涵及其生存状态未能得到透彻理解。本文对前人相关注疏论述进行较全面深入的梳理,作出全新的辨析阐释:该篇主旨在于表达庄子中年与晚年时对于人生的不同体悟,中年时期倾向于积极高超地领悟对象的客观自然特征,由此依乎天理,因其固然,而游刃有余。晚年更倾向于恬淡退隐地应对环境,故而安时处顺,委运任化。并联系《庄子》其他相关篇目作出较充分的论证。

In the third inner chapter of Chuang-Tzu Taking Advantage of What is Already There＇. Fundamentals for the Cultivation of Life, quite a few fables, such as ＂ Cook Ting dissecting an Ox＂ and ＂The fire is transmitted though the fuel has come to an end＂, are widely known. However, while the purport and the implied meaning of this chapter are open to different interpretations, the real implications of Chuang-Tzu＇ s creative fables and his living conditions are not thoroughly understood. This paper discusses predecessors＇ related annotations and commentaries and makes a new discrimination and interpretation： The purport of this chapter is Chuang-Tzu＇ s different comprehension of life at his middle and old age. At the middle age Chuang-Tzu tends to grasp actively and superbly the objective and natural characteristics of the object, so that he can follow the natural law, take advantage of what is already there and live a life with skills and ease. At the old age Chuang-Tzu is more inclined towards indifferent and retired handling of the situations. Therefore he is quiet and peaceful through all occasions, follow the natural course and submit to the dictate of destiny. A further demonstration is made with relation to other chapters in Chuang-Tzu.