2009-2014年潜江市省部联动控制血吸虫病效果评估

Evaluation on the effect of the provincial coordinated control of the schistosomiasis in Qianjiang city from 2009 to 2014

目的评价2009-2014年潜江市省部联动血吸虫病控制项目做法与防治效果。方法采用流行病学方法,回顾性分析潜江市2009-2014年,实施省部联动控制血吸虫病项目开展改水管粪、以机代牛、家畜圈养、人畜化疗、易感地带灭螺、硬化沟渠等以控制传染源为主的防治策略实施情况,对比实施前后血吸虫病疫情变化及效果。结果省部联动项目策略实施6年来,全市农村三格式厕所、沼气池及安全用水覆盖率分别达42.00%、23.16%、93.76%;沟渠硬化196条,消灭钉螺面积17.8 hm2;接受血吸虫病防护知识宣教552 481人次/年,占总人口数的90.56%。采取主动防护措施预防血吸虫感染51 663人次/年。人群、耕牛血吸虫病感染率分别下降了84.23%和100.00%;急性感染数降为0;流行村类别也发生了显著变化,一类和二类重度流行村减少至0;三类村减少了80.71%;四类村增加了76.16%。传播控制标准如期实现。结论实施省部联动控制血吸虫病策略,在流行范围广泛、地理环境复杂、人畜感染严重的水网型地区防治成效显著。

Objective To evaluate the measures and prevention effect of the provincial coordinated control of the schistosomiasis in Qianjiang city from 2009 to 2014. Methods Epidemiological approaches were used to retrospectively analyze the implementation with emphasis on infection source control..Measures included changing the water system to manage waste,substituting pipe machine for cattle,cattle captivity,human and animal chemotherapy,killing of oncomelania in susceptible region,.and hardening of the ditches..Comparisons were made about the outbreak of change and effect before and after the implementation. Results Since the implementation of the provincial coordinated control project was six years ago,.the fraction of coverage of three-cell latrine,.biogas digesters and safe water in all villages of Qianjiang region had reached 42.00%,.23.16% and 93.76%,.respectively..196 ditches had been hardened and 17.8 square hectometer of oncomelania had been eliminated. Every year 552 481 people received education on the prevention of the schistosomiasis,which accounts for 90.56% of the whole population in this region..51 663 people had taken the initiative to apply direct protective measures against the disease per year. The infection rates of people and cattle had been reduced relatively by84.23% and 100.00%, respectively..No acute infection case was found. Furthermore, there had been significant change in the type of the villages where people got infected. Type I and II（severe infection） was nowhere to be found, type III was reduced by 80.71% and type IV was increased by 76.16%. Standard on the transmission control had been achieved on schedule. Conclusion The strategy of provincial coordinated control of the schistosomiasis proves to be the effective in typical water-net cities, where the disease is prevalent and has complicated geographic environment as well as severe human and animal infection.