林奈自然经济理念的缘起与实践

The Idea and Practice of Linnaeus' Natural Economy

18世纪的博物学体系奠定了此后自然界分类和命名的基础,细究之下,博物学的发展与欧洲诸国的殖民扩张、经济战略密切相关,林奈体系则是这一背景下的标志性成果。在林奈看来,自然是一个经济体系,每个自然物种都在其中扮演着特定角色,但自然资源在全球的分布并不均衡,人类通过研究自然秩序、挖掘自然潜力,可以促进本国经济的发展。林奈的这种做法立足于当时欧洲、瑞典的政治经济背景,具体手段包括物种引进、驯化等,处理的是博物学、自然与人类生存之间的关系。

The foundation of classification and naming rules nowadays can be traced back to the system of Natural History in the 18th century. Moreover, the development of Natural History as a disciphne was close related with the European countries＇ colonial expansion and economic strategy, and Linnaeus＇ achievement of Natural History as a milestone also happened in such an age. In Linnaeus＇ opinion, natural resources are unevenly scattered over the globe, and human could apply Nature to Economies through studying nature＇ s order, developing one country＇ s economy. Basing the political and economic background of Europe and Sweden, Linnaeus＇ practice including import substitution, acclimatization and so on, and he tried to make a balance among his science, Nature and human＇s living.