浅析实践建构论对霍布斯-波义耳争论的再解读——以拉图尔和哈拉维为例

Analysis on Re-interpretation of Hobbs- Boyle Debate by Practical Constructivism——Basing on Latour and Haraway

夏平和谢弗的《利维坦和空气泵》一书被誉为SSK的经典之作,利用科学知识社会学纲领,夏平和谢弗打开了黑箱化的霍布斯-波义耳的争论,考察了政治秩序与知识产生和保护的关系。站在前人的肩膀上,拉图尔和哈拉维分别再回溯了这段历史,拉图尔解构了霍布斯的利维坦,消除了SSK对自然与社会的截然二分,指出自然/社会的二分是现代性的虚伪假象;而哈拉维则从社会性别的建构这一视角出发,指出波义耳的实验纲领建构了新的男性社会性别,掀开了被SSK黑箱化社会的一角。拉图尔与哈拉维各自的研究都向我们表明,他们都致力于在科学实在论和社会建构论之外另辟蹊径,以实践建构论取代社会建构论,试图描刻出自然与社会、人类与非人类共同演进的真实历史面貌。

The book Leuiathan and the Air-Pump written by Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer is known as a classic book in the field of SSK. Basing on the programme of Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, Shapin and Schaffer discussed the black box of Hobbs-Boyle debate, and studied the re- lationship between the politics and the knowledge. Latour and Haraway separately reexamined this history. Latour deconstroeted Hobbes＇s Leviathan, by doing which he eliminated the $SK dichotomy between nature and society, and pointed out that this dichotomy is an illusion of modernity. Correspondingly, Haraway studied the same question, but from the gender perspective, by doing which she pointed out that the Boyle experiment helped to construct the new male gender, and opened the black box of society of SSK. These studies done by Latour and Haraway separately suggests that there is another way beyond the scientific realism and the social constructivism, i.e., to replace social constroctivism with the practical constructivism, one can realize the actual historical evolution of nature and society as well as of human and nonhuman.