1569年英国北方叛乱的历史传统因素考察

The Historical Factors of the Northern Rebellion of 1569

1569年,英国北方诺森伯兰郡、威斯特兰郡等四郡爆发了大规模的叛乱,参加者涉及了贵族、绅士和平民百姓等各阶层。尽管叛乱的原因很复杂,然而北方社会反对新教政策坚持天主教信仰、长期盛行的地方忠诚主义和拥有武力的传统都是叛乱发生的因素。叛乱被镇压后,北方天主教势力遭到了沉重打击,对领主的忠诚和尚武传统逐渐淡化,北方社会不得不承认女王的统治权威,以被动的形式强化了对中央政府的认同,实现了传统与变革的融合,从而推进了整个英国北方向近代化迈进的步伐。

In 1569, massive rebellions broke out in the four counties of the northern England,involving the gentry, gentlemen and the common people. Among the complicated causes, the key factors cannot be neglected, such as the Catholic faith, local loyalty, and local armed forces. After the supression of the Rebellion, Catholic forces were devastated, while the allegiance to the Lord and martial tradition gradually faded. The northern counties submitted to the authority of Queen Elizabeth and the central government, as well as the integration of tradition and reform, accelerating the pace of modernization in the Northern England.