环境污染侵权条款的利益困境、反思和调整

The Interest Dilemma，Reflection and Adjustment of The Pollution Damage Law

环境污染民事纠纷中存在一些利益困境,如加害人和受害人同为污染者时,或者受害人违法行为导致污染损害发生,又或者加害行为属于公益活动时,使无过错责任条款适用存在不妥。从国外的司法实践看,对环境污染侵权责任并非一概采取无过错责任条款,而是区分不同情形适用过错、无过错责任或其他责任类型。为了保证环境污染侵权责任条款不被滥用,有必要限制无过错归责原则在环境污染案件中的适用范围。在环境影响尚不确定的新型环境污染纠纷中引入"忍受限度"标准,在同一环境领域内污染企业损害纠纷中适用不动产相邻关系,在环境污染行为造成人的生命、健康损害时适用无过错责任原则。

There are some interest dilemma in pollution civil disputes,when the both parties engage in pollution activities,or the victims illegal activities result in damage,or pollution activities relate to public interest,the restrict liability is not applicable.From comparative view, other state do not apply restrict liability in all pollution damage.In order to prevent to abuse the restrict liability.It is necessary to apply＂ endure limits＂ to determine some fresh pollution, and apply neighboring relation clause in pollution disputes.