人的本质:“理性”与后天社会性的统一

Human Essence：the Unity of Rationality and Postnatal Sociality

"理性"和后天社会性,其中任何一个,都难以从根本上把人类与其他动物区别开来,亦即都难以说明人的本质。人的本质在于二者的统一。这既是马克思的社会关系说和劳动本质论在逻辑上的必然结论,也是摆脱卡西尔的符号本质论之困境的可选之路。"理性"是指只在人类独特活动中表现出来的、作为人类创造活动之必要条件的人的一种独特功能。后天社会性是指由人类理性参与所创造并反哺锻炼个体理性的社会关系和社会文明机制。后天社会性不同于动物的先天社会性。缺少理性,人类社会就与其他动物社会无异;离开人类的后天社会性,个体的理性就无法得到培育锻炼。

Human essence is the unity of rationality and postnatal sociality.This opinion is both logically necessary conclusion of Karl Marx＇ s theory of social relations and theory of labour essence and an alternal way of getting away from the predicament of Ernst Cassirer＇s theory of symbol essence.Rationality means a unique function of huanms that performs only in human unique activity and is a necessary condition for human creative activity.Postnatal sociality,which is different from the inborn sociality of animals, signifies social relations and the institution of social civilization that are produced with the help of human rationality on one hand, foster and train individual rationality on the other hand.Without rationality, the human society wouldn＇ t be distinguished from the animal society.Without postnatal sociality, the individual rationality wouldn＇ t be fostered and trained.