猕猴桃种间杂交新品种‘金艳’的果实发育特征

Studies on characterization of fruit development of interspecific hybrid cultivar——‘Jinyan'

【目的】研究种间杂交品种‘金艳’及其母本毛花猕猴桃品系‘6113’和中华猕猴桃品种‘金桃’果实生长发育特征。【方法】以国家猕猴桃种质资源圃(武汉)保存的种间杂交品种‘金艳’、父本中华猕猴桃雄株对应的雌性品种‘金桃’和母本毛花猕猴桃品系‘6113’为试验材料,定期检测果实发育过程中的单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、淀粉、还原糖、总糖和总酸的含量,运用Excel对结果进行分析。【结果】‘金艳’果实单果质量的变化与毛花猕猴桃‘6113’果实的相近,呈现3-4次增长高峰,而中华猕猴桃‘金桃’果实单果质量变化呈典型的双"S"型曲线;‘金艳’与2亲本果实的硬度和酸含量总体趋势是前期增加,后期下降,只是‘金艳’和毛花猕猴桃‘6113’果实的硬度整个发育中有3个明显的峰值,而中华猕猴桃‘金桃’只有2个峰值;‘金艳’果实的可溶性固形物、还原糖、可溶性总糖的含量变化曲线与两亲本相同,前期趋于稳定,至成熟前的2个月开始进入迅速增加阶段;‘金艳’和2亲本一样,均于谢花后约55 d果实开始积累淀粉,‘金艳’于谢花后165 d达最大值,而中华猕猴桃‘金桃’和毛花猕猴桃‘6113’均于谢花后155 d达到最大值,以后迅速下降,回落到谢花后55 d的水平;比较同一品种果实的淀粉和可溶性固形物、总糖等的变化,显示了2者的消长关系,在淀粉前期积累阶段,可溶性固形物和糖含量变化小,而到淀粉后期降解阶段,可溶性固形物、总糖等的含量迅速上升。【结论】种间杂交品种‘金艳’果实生长发育变化更偏向母本毛花猕猴桃‘6113’;而果实质量远超过母本毛花猕猴桃‘6113’,酸含量远低于毛花猕猴桃‘6113’和中华猕猴桃‘金桃’,具有典型的超亲效应。

[Objective]The objective of the study was to better understand the fruit development regularity of the ＇ Jinyan＇ and its parental species. [ Methods ] The dynamic variation of fruit weight, soluble solids content, firmness, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, total acid and content of starch were examined in ＇Jinyan＇ and its parental species （Actinidia eriantha cv. ＇6113＇, A. chinensis cv. ＇Jintao＇ ） respectively. [Results]The variation of fruit weight showed triple sigmoid curve in ＇Jinyan＇ and its maternal parent, but double sigmoid curve in paternal parent. The fruit firmness and content of acid increased at first and then decreased in ＇Jinyan＇ and its parents. The variation curves of soluble solids content, total soluble sugar and reducing sugar were stable at early developmental stage and then increased quickly at 2 months before harvesting in ＇ Jinyan＇ and its parents. The accumulation of starch started at 55 days after the flower-fading in ＇Jinyan＇ and the parents, and reached the maximum at 165 days and 155 days in ＇Jinyan＇ and the parents, respectively. At the early stage of starch accumulation, the change of soluble solids and total sugar content seemed to be less, while the content of soluble solids and total sugar increased rapidly at the late stage of starch degradation. [Conclusion] The research results indicated that the fruit growth cures of interspecific species ＇Jinyan＇ s are more similar with A. eriantha （maternal parent） , and ＇Jinyan＇ has heavier fruit weight than A. eriantha （maternal parent）. Furthermore, ＇ Jinyan＇ has lower acid content than the its parents, which indicates typical heterobeltiosis.