包装材质对‘仓方早生’桃果实长途冷链物流特性的影响

Effect of packaging material on cold-chain logistics of‘Cangfangzaosheng'peach

【目的】筛选适用于桃果实长途冷链物流的包装材质,以期为桃果的出口贸易和产业链的发展提供技术支持。【方法】以采自山东省蒙阴县岱崮镇的‘仓方早生’桃果实为试材,设置以下包装方式:I纸箱包装;II内衬厚度为0.04 mm聚乙烯保鲜袋的纸箱包装;III普通泡沫箱(PEP泡沫箱);IV珍珠棉箱。研究长途冷链物流期间(山东蒙阴至新加坡)包装材质对果实预冷特性、蓄冷特性、货架期和品质的影响,并对冷链物流期间果心温度的变化进行全程跟踪。【结果】冷害仍是超长途运输(低温0~4℃锻炼15 d以上)的主要问题之一。包装材质与果实的预冷特性、蓄冷特性、货架期和品质紧密相关,纸箱包装和PEP泡沫箱包装处理的果实汁液显著降低,果肉发绵、絮败,风味丧失,靠果核处略微发苦,为典型的冷害特征。预冷温度设定为0℃,珍珠棉包装的果实果心温度由最初的28~30℃下降至14~15℃所需的时间为380 min,下降至2℃所需时间为2 420 min,冷链物流期间果心温度可恒定维持在1~2℃。至目的地,珍珠棉包装的果实汁液丰富,肉质细腻,味甜,果实果肉组织硬度维持在5.3 kg·cm^(-2),失重率仅为0.78%,无腐烂果出现。【结论】珍珠棉包材质的泡沫箱具有较好的抗震性、柔韧性和保湿性,推荐长距离(15 d以上)冷链物流使用。

[Objective] To screen packaging material for long cold-chain logistics of peach and understand the present situation of long cold-chain logistics for the development of peach＇ s export trade and industry chain.[Methods] ＇Cangfangzaosheng＇ peach was selected as material which were collected from Gudai town, Mengyin county, Shangdong province. The peach were packed by different packaging material such as：Ⅰ carton, Ⅱ bags with thickness of 0.04 mm in the carton, Ⅲ bubble chamber （PEP bubble chamber, and Ⅳ Pearl cotton material. Precooling features, cold storage capacity, shelf and quality during long cold-chain logistics（from Mengyin county to Singapore） of peaches treated by different packaging material were investigated, and the core temperature during whole cold-chain logistics was also recorded. [Results] Chilling injury was still an important problem for long cold-chain logistics（cold resistance under 0-4 ℃ more than 15 days）. The precooling features, cold storage capacity, shelf and quality were related with packaging materials. Carton and bubble chamber material made the fruit juice reduce significantly, and pulp cotton, flocculant loss, flavor loss and bitter near the stone were observed, which was the typical characteristic of chilling injury. When precooling temperature was set at 0 ℃ and fruits were packaged by pearl cotton material, it took 380 min to make the core temperature of peach decrease from 28 to 30 ℃ to 14 to 15 ℃ and 2 420 min to 2 ℃. The core temperature was 1 to 2 ℃ during the whole cold-chain logistics. The optimal packaging material was pearl cotton which could keep fruit juicy, dense succulent and delicate taste, the pulp firmness and weight loss was 5.3 kg· cm^-2 and 0.78% at destination respectively, and there were no decay fruits. [Conclusion] Pearl cotton material had good shock resistance, flexibility and moisture retention, and we recommend it for long cold-chain logistics（ more than 15 days）.