枣组织培养及相关生物技术研究进展

A review of tissue culture and biotechnology in Chinese jujube

枣是我国重要的果树之一,稳定、高效的再生体系是开展枣现代生物技术应用与研究的重要基础。本文在总结组织培养与生物技术应用之间关系的基础上,对枣组织培养包括无菌扦插、器官发生、体细胞胚及与其相关的花药培养、人工种子、原生质体培养和多倍体诱导、遗传转化等生物技术在枣方面的研究进展进行了综述,指出了以组织培养为基础的枣种质资源保存,生殖细胞培养与纯系的获得,再生的细胞学、分子生物学基础及信号传导,细胞悬浮培养以及工厂化生产枣生物活性物质,通过原生质体融合等创制新种质及外源基因转入枣基因组的表达特性、安全性,分子设计和基因组编辑等方面将是未来深入系统研究的方向。

Chinese jujube is one of the most important fruit trees in China. An effective and stable in vitro productive system is the base of research and application of biotechnology. After outlining the relationships among in vitro repropagation, the advances of tissue culture and biotechnologies in jujube were reviewed. They were optimization and establishment of in vitro culture techniques including micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production, plant regeneration via callus-mediated shoot organogenesis, adventitious shoot regeneration, anther culture, polyploid induction and genetic transformation. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive suggestion for the future biotechnology research based on tissue culture in jujube. Those included in vitro germplasm conservation, germ cell culture and pure lines establishment, cytology and molecular biology of regeneration and signal conduction in the process, production bioactive compounds by cell suspension culture, new germplasm creation by protoplasts fusion and cybrids, gene expression and safety evaluation after transformation into the iuiube genome.