城乡生态单元分类、评价与制图研究——以苏州市花桥镇为例

STUDY ON THE BIOTOPE MAPPING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IN URBAN-RURAL——A CASE STUDY ON HUAQIAO IN SUZHOU CITY

生态单元制图是通过对区域遥感信息的解译及与现场调查信息的叠合,得到可视性较强的生态信息图谱,是将景观生态学成果应用到城乡规划中的一条有效途径。生态单元制图如何与中国城乡规划编制相衔接,提供专业、可靠的基础性研究成果,是本文期待解决的主要问题。提出了将城市所有用地类型都作为研究对象的"本土化"和"城市化"的生态单元分类方法,完成了符合我国《城市用地分类与建设用地标准》的生态单元制图分类系统(9大类37小类)及其景观生态学指数分析;通过绿地率、建筑密度、乔木树冠覆盖度、植物物种丰富度等各单项指标进行分层及叠加综合评价制图,科学全面地识别不同用地的生态价值。认为可以通过提出诸如各类城市用地的附属绿地的面积、容积率高低、建筑退让范围、大乔木的保护措施等具体细致的规划要求,来保护及调整城市用地内部的绿地面积及植被丰富度、乔木的覆盖度等生态指标,确保重要的城镇自然系统在城市开发过程中不受冲击,以及如何实现我国城市绿地的"精明增长"等后续研究方向。

Quantitative indicators including the green rate,percentage of greenery coverage,per capita green areas,per capita park green space area and so on was used as the basis of urban green space system planning in China.The planning relied on the experience and subjective judgment,can＇t be accurately reflecting the intrinsic attribute of urban green space,and providing reasonable and reliable basis of the ecological urban expansion line and ecological security pattern.Biotope mapping was a kind of ecological technical means which originated in Europe,but in our country,how to link up with Chinese urban and rural planning standards,provide basic research work for urban and rural planning and nature conservation are the main problems that we look forward to solve in our study.Biotope mapping to interface with the Chinese urban and rural planning phase,to provide professional,reliable basic research achievements,this paper is to solve the main problem.This paper presents the city all the land use types as ecological unit classification method of ＂localization＂ and ＂ urbanization＂,and it was established the biotope classification system（9categories of 37 small class）which has confirmed with Chinese urban and rural standard,with the method of mapping science,our study has comprehensively identified the value of different green space in city and town,and has taken the methods to ensure important township natural systems for which has the ecological value of the green space protection and restoration in urban development process not be affected by fragmentation,at the same time,our study has provided scientific basis to specify the new developing field on the basis of the evaluation results.In determining the biotope classification system on the basis of the study area,our study has disaggregated and evaluated the comprehensive map,landscape pattern indexes and each single index of the biotope,and still has established the whole town domain comprehensive evaluation system of ecological value,meanwhile our study has mapped and evaluated for the comprehensive value of biotope,finally to divide the ecological function district of the whole town domain,and to propose its protection and planning scheme of the ecological landscape planning pattern.It is to achieve protection and adjustment of land within the green area and vegetation richness,tree coverage and other important ecological indicators to ensure the effect of natural system,without fragmentation in the city in the development process;and how to realize our country city green ＂ smart growth＂ as the follow-up research direction.