1961—2010年东北农作区春小麦需水量的时空变化特征

Temporal and spatial changes of crop evapotranspiration for spring wheat in the Northeast Farming Region of China during 1961 to 2010

利用东北农作区58个气象站点1961—2010年的逐日气象数据,基于Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water(SIMETAW)模型分析气候变化背景下东北农作区春小麦生育期内作物需水量(Crop evapotranspiration,ETc)和灌溉需要量(Evapotranspiration of applied water,ETaw),以及典型站点春小麦的灌溉需求指数(Irrigation demand index,IDI)的时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年来,东北农作区日平均温度呈显著上升趋势,平均降水量下降趋势不明显,平均太阳辐射及作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势。春小麦生育期作物需水量和灌溉需要量呈下降趋势,其分布均表现为西多东少。50年来春小麦作物生育期需水量下降主要集中于松辽及兴安岭南部地区,东部地区变化趋势不明显;生育期灌溉需要量下降集中于松辽及兴安岭地区,三江平原地区略有增加,长白山地区多年保持平稳。

Northeast Farming Region of China is our main production area of spring wheat.Climate changes have significant impact on spring wheat production in this region.Based on observed daily meteorological data in 1961—2010of 58 normal meteorological codes in the Northeast Farming Region of China,crop evapotranspiration（ETc）,evapotranspiration of applied water（ETaw）and irrigation demand index（IDI）of spring wheat were calculated by Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water（SIMETAW）.The result showed that the temperature significantly increased while precipitation,solar radiation and evapotranspiration（ETo）decreased from 1961—2010.Spring wheat ETc and ETaw decreased from 1961—2010.Its distribution was gradually increased from east to west.The decrease of spring wheat ETc concentrated mainly in Songliao region and the south of Xing＇anling region.The change trend of eastern region was not obvious.The decrease of ETaw concentrated mainly in Songliao and Xing＇anling region while a slight increase in Sanjiang plain region and a small change in Changbai mountain area.